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EM  TOWN,  I 


CBORN  &  30 ARTE 


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Digitized  by  tine  Internet  Arciiive 

in  2008  witii  funding  from 

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http://www.arcliive.org/details/derivativewordsOOtownricli 


AM 


ANALYSIS 


OF    THE 


DERIVATIVE    WORDS 


IN   THE 

ENGLISH  L-Xlft-U-.^S-t; 

OR, 

A  KEY  TO  THEIR  PRECISE  ANALYTIC  DESiJNITIONS, 
BY  PREFIXES  AND  SUFFIXES: 

Designed  to  furnish  an  Easy  and  Expeditious  Method  of  Acquiring  a  Know 
ledge  of  Derivative  Words,  from  a  Knowledge  of  their  Componant  Parts. 

BY  SALEM  TOWN,  A.  M. 
3i8t  zu>rrxoN, 

CAKEraJLLY  KfiVISED,    ENLARGED,  AND  ADAPTED  TO 
SCHOOLS  OF  ALL  GRADES. 


SANBORN  &  CARTER, 
PORTLAND, 

MAINE. 


'     ;  <   ,  jEnttrffi  ACU^rding^to  tiCt  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1836,  hj 

..'"■.  ■'  ^ ';':',.'  ^ ::.  ,?AiE  M  TO  w  N, 

ia  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  Northern  District  of  N.  York 


i£DUOTfOI««5  OEFf, 


•)'^         ">  0     1  ■*      3        ,       )^       ■>       I 

PREFACE  TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION. 


The  first  edition  of  this  work,  was  the  first  effort  of  the 
Author,  and  it  is  believed  to  be  the  first  attempt  to  present 
the  component  parts  of  E^iglish  derivative  words,  in  their 
distinctive  character,  and  exhibit  their  combination  in  any 
thing  like  system.  The  practicability  of  the  work  had 
been  under  consideration,  and  the  materials  principally 
collected,  many  years  before  the  plan  was  fully  carried  out. 
The  first  edition  was  at  length  presented,  and  notwith* 
standing  its  imperfections,  has  fairly  settled  the  question, 
as  to  the  importance  of  the  plan  proposed,  and  the  course 
to  be  pursued  in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  derivative 
words.  The  experiment  has  been  made,  and  repeated 
under  such  circumstances,  that  the  Author,  from  his  own 
observation  of  facts^  will  now  guaranty,  to  communicate 
more  knowledge  of  derivative  words  in  the  English  lan- 
guage, to  any  class  of  English  scholars  over  twelve  years 
of  age,  in  twelve  weeks,  than  ever  was^  or  ever  can  be 
communicated,  in  the  ordinary  way,  to  those  of  a  similar 
age,  in  twelve  months. 

The  experience  of  thirty  years,  devoted  exclusively  to 
instruction,  has  presented  every  grade  of  intellect,  with 
every  diversity  of  capacity  for  improvement,  both  in  elas* 

961668 


sical  and  English  literature ;  and  la  no  instance,  so  far  as 
recollection  serves,  has  ar.y/or??it,r  course  of  instruction  on 
this  point,  afTordeu  such  facilities  as  the  one  now  offered, 
for  hccjuiring  a  knowledge  and  ready  use  of  derivative 
words.  It  is  a  fact  well  known  to  classical  scholars,  that 
the  primitive  words  in  our  language,  are  comparatively 
FEW,  and  of  the  simplest  order,  such  as  almost  every  child 
of  ten  years  old  knows.  It  is  when  these  simple  words 
grow  up  into  their  derivative,  compound  and  complex  forms, 
that  the  child  loses  sight  of  their  import,  and  simply,  be- 
cause he  is  ignorant  of  their  component  parts.  How  few 
children  could  tell  what  aggluti?iative  means ;  and  who  of 
them  does  not  kTiow  what  is  meant  by  glue  ?  The  classi- 
cal scholar  perceives  this  peculiarity  of  construction  the 
moment  he  opens  the  book,  and  adds,  *'  such  principles 
are  not  matters  of  opinion,  they  are  matters  of  fact;"  the 
component  parts  of  all  derivative  words  being  known,  how 
can  the  scholar  fail  to  know  a  whole,  just  as  soon  as  he 
understands  all  the  component  parts. 

The  principles  then  on  which  this  work  is  executed,  are 
interwoven  with,  and  fundamental  to,  a  critical  knov^rledge 
of  every  language.  Hence  one  undivided  opinion  has  be^^n 
expressed  by  the  classical  scholar,  that  "  Anal3''sis,  was  the 
only  method,  by  which  it  was  possible  to  arrive  at,  and  feel 
the  full  force  of  a  compound,  or  derivative  word."  One 
grand  object  in  the  study  of  the  classics,  is  to  acquire  an 
extensive  knowledge  and  command  of  language.  It  is 
believed  that  the  principles  developed  in  this  little  book, 
are  the  very  principles  by  which  every  scientific  man  is 
guided,  and  on  which  rests  all  his  critical  knowledge  in 
any  language. 

The  embodying  them  is,  therefore,  only  collecting  such 
component  parts  of  words,   as  have   for   ages  g^^vemed 


language,  showing  how  they  have  ever  been  applied,  and 
then  taking  advantage  of  this  knowledge  to  confer  some 
of  the  important  benefits  which  the  classical  student  now 
receives  almost  exclusively,  on  our  common  English  scho- 
lars. It  is  the  undivided  opinion  of  the  most  competent 
judges,  that  an  English  scholar,  thoroughly  versed  in  this 
system,  will,  so  far  as  language  is  concerned,  secure  to 
himself  many  important  advantages,  which  the  classical 
scholar  alone  has  heretofore  enjoyed.  The  plan  and  exe- 
cution of  the  work  are  original.  It  is  not  designed  to  come 
m  competition  with  any  other  book  now  in  use.  It  is  not 
designed  to  supersede,  nor  take  the  place  of  any  school- 
book  whatever,  but  to  follow  any,  or  all  such,  as  the  case 
may  be. 

The  second  edition  has  undergone  a  thorough  revision. 
The  whole  plan  has  been  much  simplified  and  adapted  to 
the  capacities  of  children  in  our  common  schools.  Much 
has  been  added,  and  it  is  now  submitted  to  an  enlightened 
public,  with  little  desire  on  the  part  of  the  Author,  but  its 
general  utility  to  the  rising  generation,  and  in  part,  to  re- 
lieve teachers  of  that  thankless  burden  of  responsibility, 
and  painful  anxiety  in  devising  and  trying  a  thousand  ex- 
pedients to  give  their  pupils  a  respectable  knowledge  cf 
words,  and  a  proper  command  of  language.  None  but  a 
teacher  caii  know  the  sleepless  solicitude  of  that  profes- 
sion. The  Author  has  spent  his  life,  with  all  his  feelings 
merged  in  the  prospects  of  the  rising  generation,  and  the 
difTusion  of  that  general  knowledge,  which  has  place 
this  whole  nation  on  so  proud  an  eminence.  Knowled 
and  virtue  are,  emphatically,  the  stepping  stones  to  individ 
al  distinction,  the  main  pillars  which  must  ever  sustain  ouif 
free  institutions,  and  the  broad  foundation,  on  which  the 
temples  of  our  nation's  glory  can  securely  stand. 


It  is,  therefore,  most  ardently  desired,  that  teachers 
especially,  and  all  well-wishers  to  any  improvements  in 
the  facilities  of  communicating  a  knowledge  of  the  struc- 
ture of  words,  so  as  to  furnish  a  general  clue  to  their  com- 
mon import,  and  thereby,  at  once  unlock  the  whole  amount 
of  derivative  words  in  the  Language,  will  kindly  impart 
their  views,  in  aid  of  a  cause,  common  to  science,  and 
common  to  our  country. 

THE  AUTHOR. 


TO  THE  PUBLIC. 


The  simple  fact,  that  words  are  the  common  medium 
through  which  all  knowledge  is,  in  some  way  recorded, 
transmitted,  received  and  communicated,  should  induce 
every  person  to  make  vigorous  efforts,  fully  to  understand 
their  import.  K  words  are  read  or  spoken,  and  the  reader 
or  hearer  is  ignorant  of  their  appropriate  meaning,  he 
might  as  well  not  have  read  or  heard.  It  has  been  a  com- 
mon exercise  in  our  schools,  for  scholars  to  spell,  year  after 
year,  till  the  whole  contents  of  the  spelling  part,  were  com- 
pletely memorized,  and  at  the  same  time,  very  few  of  the 
words  distinctly  understood.  Hence  in  reading  a  sentence, 
if  asked  the  definition  of  the  words  singly,  or  the  collective 
idea  contained  in  the  sentence,  either  no  answer  would  be 
given,  or  one  altogether  confused  and  unintelligible.  This 
shows  a  radical  defect  somewhere.  Either  the  writer  has 
failed  by  the  improper  use  of  words  to  record  an  idea,  or 
the  reader,  through  his  ignorance  of  those  words,  cannot 
tell  what  that  idea  is.  This  may  be  no  reflection  on  the 
student's  intellect,  yet  it  is  a  most  serious  reflection  on  that 
course  of  instruction  which  has  consumed  so  many  years 
in  little  else  than  repeating  sounds,  without  any  regard  to 
their  distinctive  import.  And  why,  it  may  be  asked,  may 
not  a  scholar  just  as  soon  as  he  can  combine  words  in  read- 
ing, with  any  degree  of  fluency,  commence  and  continue 
learning  to  associate  their  appropriate  ideas  ?  what  use  can 
these  words  be  till  their  meaning  is  known.  And  cannot 
ideas  be  learned  with  greater  facility  than  naked  words, 
from  the  instinctive  interest  the  mind  feels  in  its  perceptions 
of  ideasj  as  well  as  from  the  powerful  influence  of  the 


principles  of  association  on  its  operations  ?  It  is  the  very 
nature  of  mind  to  think,  and  derive  pleasure  from  every  new 
thought.  This  deficiency,  therefore,  as  to  the  true  import 
of  virords,  according  to  established  usage,  is  a  radical  defect 
in  the  education  of  our  country.  It  is  felt,  more  or  less,  in 
every  department  of  society.  It  is  complained  of,  even  by 
the  finished  classical  scholar,  direct  from  the  halls  of  our 
colleges,  as  a  serious  defect  in  the  fundamental  part  of  his 
English  education.  A  defect  upon  which  he  always  looks 
back  to  the  early  period  of  his  life  when  he  could  run 
through  all  the  spelling  columns  in  his  book,  with  as  much 
facility,  as  a  parrot  can  say  *  Pritty  Pol,'  and  at  the  same 
time,  with  little  more  knowledge  of  their  import,  or  use, 
simply  because  he  was  not  otherwise  taught — had  no  exer- 
cise, which  led  him,  directly  or  indirectly,  to  that  point. 
When  therefore  he  comes  into  public  life,  and  must  be 
responsible  for  the  precise  ideas  his  words  convey,  he  is 
often  compelled  to  make  frequent  appeals  to  his  dictionary, 
in  relation  to  some  of  the  most  common  words  in  the  lan- 
guage. Who  does  not  know  this  from  his  own  experience, 
when  just  stepping  into  public  life  ?  There  is  not,  most 
probably,  a  teacher  in  the  higher  departments  of  science 
in  the  United  States,  who  has  not  witnessed  this  defect, 
in  a  greater  or  less  degree,  in  the  elementary  English  edu- 
cation of  many  of  his  pupils.  A  specific  remedy  should 
be  diligently  sought,  and  if  found,  speedily  applied.  If  the 
author  has  not  greatly  misjudged,  this  book  does  present 
something  like  a  remedy.  If  he  has  misjudged,  he  has 
plenty  of  good  company.  For  in  the  course  of  twelve  years, 
the  author  has  been  examining  this  very  point,  at  intervals, 
and  has  passed  through  many  of  the  states,  seen  and  con- 
versed with  many  scientific  men,  and  in  May,  1835,  at  the 
G  eneral  Assembly  at  Pittsburgh,  availed  himself  of  the  opin- 


ions  of  mar.^  v,via».*o,  ouiucul  wiiw^iu,  «.v  x^asi)  wcie  men  of 
undoubted  qualifications.  All,  he  believes,  aside  from  any 
personal  considerations,  have  agreed  in  the  same  opinion. 
Indeed  it  is  the  only  opinion  which  could  be  predicated  on 
^he  fact,  that  primitive  words,  given  with  their  definitions, 
shall  be  learned  by  the  scholar — that  after  spelling  and 
defining  such  primitive,  then  with  its  prefixes  and  sufiixes, 
he  shall  carry  it  through  all  its  derivative  forms,  in  some 
cases  amounting  to  more  than  a  hundred  words,  with  their 
appropriate  meaning.  The  result  of  such  a  course  could 
not  fail  to  secure  its  object,  and  lay  the  foundation  deep 
and  broad,  in  the  analysis  of  vA^ords,  with  their  true  import, 
equal  to  the  entire  length  and  breadth  of  our  language. 

Competent  judges  have  entertained  the  opinion,*  that 
a  scholar  may,  by  proper  application,  acquire  more  know- 
ledge of  the  English  language  in  a  few  months,  on  the 
principles  of  Analysis  and  Synthesis,  laid  down  in  this 
book,  both  in  accuracy  of  spelling,  structure  of  words,  and 
their  true  import,  than  ever  is  acquired  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  study,  during  many  years.  It  is  very  obvious, 
say  they,  that  scholars  will  learn  to  examine  the  structure 
'of  words,  and  trace  out  various  formations  from  the  same 
root,  something  in  the  manner  as  the  classical  student  is 
exercised  in  Greek  and  Latin.  In  this  way  he  readily 
discovers  how  the  primitive  word  varies  its  signification, 
as  it  is  run  through  all  its  derivative  forms.  From  a 
knowledge  of  all  the  component  parts,  he  can  easily  trace 
each  shade  of  difference,  from  the  plain,  literal  significa- 
tion, to  the  most  beautiful  figurative  applications.  Hence 
if  he  has  thoughts  to  record,  he  is  qualified  to  choose  the 
most  appropriate  words,  and  nothing  but  inexcusable 
carelessness  can  cause  ambiguity  of  expression. 

"^^  Thhi  cpinioB  has  sine*  b«en  demonstrated  by  actual  experlgpwot* 


CONTENTS. 


Directions  for  Studying  this  Book) 11 

Explanation  of  Primitive  and  Derivative  Words, 13 

What  are  neither  Prefixes  nor  Suffixes, 13 

Origin  of  the  Prefixes  and  Suffixes, • 14 

Explanation  of  the  Prefixes, 18 

Explanation  of  the  Suffixes, 26 

Synopsis  of  the  Prefixes, 33 

Synopsis  of  the  Suffixes, 38 

Classification  of  Prefixes, 41 

A  few  Greek  Compounds  Analysed, 42 

A  few  Latin  roots, 43 

General  Rules  for  forming  Derivative  Words, 43 

Brief  Examination  as  to  the  regular  formation  of  Derivative  Words,.  45 
Special  Rules  for  understanding  the  arrangement  and  combination  of 

Prefixes  in  forming  Derivative  Words, 48 

Manner  of  defining  words  by  their  Prefixes  and  Suffixes, 51 

An  entire  Example  in  the  word  Press, 53 

First  Exercise  for  Children  in  Common  Schools, 55 

Second  Exercise,  by  subjoining  Suffixes  in  Classes, 61^ 

Third  Exercise  in  forming  Derivative  Words  from  their  Primitives,  . .  ft 
Fourth  Exercise  with  Prefixes  and  Suffixes,  to  be  carried  out  and  de- 
fined,    70 

Fifth  Exercise,  carried  out  like  the  fourth, 83 

Sixth  Exercise,  carried  out  in  the  same  manner, • 92 

Seventh,  an  Exercise  for  the  Student  to  form  as  many  Derivatives  as 

he  can,  and  define  them  occasionally  or  generally, 106 

Eighth,  same  as  the  Seventh, «...  Ill 

Ninth,              do 124 

Tenth,             do  130 

Eleventh,         do 133 

.Twelfth,           do 144 

Thirteenth,       do 157 

A  few  Words  more  particularly  examined,  analytically  and  syntheti- 
cally,   161 

bnportBQO*  of  undtiBtanding  the  Lstin  and  Grvek  LenguagM, 168 


DIKECTIONS  FOU  STUDYING  THIS  BOOK. 


1.  The  soholar  must  understand  the  difference  between 
a  primitive,  and  derivative  word.     Sec.  1. 

2.  He  must  observe  when  the  same  combinations  of  let- 
ters are  neither  prefixes  nor  suffixes.     Sec.  2. 

3.  The  prefixes  must  be  learned  so  perfectly,  as  to  pre* 
vent  the  least  hesitancy  in  defining  them,  either  alone,  or 
in  connection  with  such  words  as  the  teacher  is  pleased  to 
propose.     Sec.  4. 

This  is  a  primary  and  fundamental  requisition. 

In  rendering  the  prefixes  familiar,  experience  has  proved 
the  most  successful  method  to  be,  for  the  teacher  to  name 
primitive  words  promiscuously,  in  any  part  of  the  book, 
tell  their  meaning,  then  join  the  prefix,  and  require  the 
student  to  define  the  word.  A  few  exercises  in  this  man- 
ner will  secure  a  correct  and  prompt  answer.  This  exer- 
cise should  in  no  case  be  omitted. 

4.  The  suffixes  with  their  signification  as  appended  to 
words,  must  be  learned  with  the  same  care  as  the  prefixes. 
Sec.  5. 

5.  Let  the  scholars  be  frequently  exercised  in  the  synop- 
sis of  prefixes  and  suffixes.     Sec.  6  &  7. 

6.  Let  the  manner  of  defining  words  be  well  under- 
stood, in  sec.  12,  connected  with  the  example  in  the  word 
Press,  sec.  13,  the  teacher  pronouncing  each  word,  and 
requiring  the  scholar  to  define  it  according  to  its  formation. 

7.  Examine  the  rules  for  forming  derivative  words,  and 
the  use  of  commas,  with  their  examples,  sec.  9,  and  con- 
tinue this  exercise  through  sec.  15,  of  forming  and  defining 
words  with  their  suffixes  classed.  This  exercise  must  be 
continued  until  the  mode  of  defining  is  perfectly  familiar. 

8.  Next,  let  the  manner  of  combining  the  prefixes  in 
aec.  11,  be  well  understood. 


12 

9.  Examine  sec.  10,  and  in  connection  with  it,  form  the 
derivative  words  by  reading  them  in  sec.  16,  till  that  ex- 
ercise becomes  familiar. 

When  the  above  is  well  understood,  students  in  the 
higher  classes,  may  be  put  to  the  exercise  of  spelling 
primitive  words,  forming  and  defining  their  derivatives,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  teacher.  As  they  read,  also  let  them 
analyze  the  words. 

In  common  schools,  after  committing  the  prefixes  tho- 
roughly, the  scholars  may  commence  sec.  14,  and  go  on 
regularly,  referring  to  such  rules  and  explanations  in  their 
advancement  as  the  teacher  finds  needful. 

In  common  schools  the  course  to  be  pursued  is  simply 
the  following  ;  Let  the  scholars  learn  the  prefixes  and  suf- 
fixes, the  manner  of  combining  them,  the  import  of  the 
word  after  such  combinations — then  commence  sec.  14, 
and  go  through  the  book  in  regular  spelling  lessons,  as  in 
any  spelling-book,  but  with  this  addition,  that  the  meaning 
of  each  word  must  be  learned,  and  given  when  spelled ; 
after  which,  let  the  scholars  be  required  to  form  and  define 
as  many  derivatives  as  they  can. 

One  winter's  school  of  four  months,  will  carry  any  in- 
dustrious scholar,  of  10  or  12  years  old,  completely  through 
this  book,  at  20  primitive  words  per  day.  From  the  1600 
words  which  are  given,  more  than  30,000  derivatives  are 
formed.  Experiment,  in  the  opinion  of  competent  judges, 
has  satisfactorily  settled  one  important  point,  that  children, 
under  this  discipline,  can  actually  acquire  more  knowledge 
of  the  English  language  in  one  winter's  school  of  four 
months,  than  was  ever  acquired  in  the  ordinary  way,  by 
scholars  of  the  same  age,  in  four  times  that  number  of 
months,  if  not  in  their  whole  life.  Let  teachers,  there- 
fore, make  thorough  work  in  the  application  of  the  princi- 
ples of  this  book,  and  they  will  shortly  see  their  pupils 
becoming  thoroughly  versed  in  the  knowledge  of  language. 
Teachers  should  frequently  exercise  small  children  in  the 
svnopsis  of  the  prefixes  and  suffixes,  together  with  sec- 
tions 14  and  15. 


18 

SECTION  I. 

ExplaTiation  of  Primitive  and  Derivative  Words. 

Primitive  words  are  such  as  can  be  reduced  to  no  fewox 
letters  than  what  are  then  expressed.  Man,  Fame,  House, 
Sense,  are  primitive  words,  because  they  can  be  reduced 
to  no  fewer  letters,  and  convey  a  distinct  idea  of  each 
thing  specified. 

But  Manly,  Defamation,  Insensibility  and  Houseless,  are 
derivative  words,  because  they  can  be  stripped  of  all  their 
letters  above  Man,  Fame,  Sense  and  House,  and  still  leave 
a  significant  word. 

A  compound  word  is  composed  of  two  or  more  distinct 
words,  as  Sugar-maple,  Over-load,  Common-place-book. 

In  this  work,  all  such  words  of  Latin  origin  as  Abdicate, 
Convene,  Adhere,  &c.,  so  far  as  our  language  is  concern- 
ed, will  be  taken  as  primitives.  Yet  the  classical  scholar 
will  perceive  they  are  not  such  in  the  language  whence 
they  are  derived.  Some  other  words  also  will  be  inserted 
which  are  not  primitives. 

Those  parts  which  are  added  to  a  primitive  word,  we 
shall  call  prefixes  and  suffixes  ;  and  as  the  primitive  has  at 
least  one  appropriate  meaning,  all  the  varieties  of  signifi- 
cation which  arise  from  additions  in  any  way  made  to  such 
primitive,  must  depend  exclusively  on  those  parts  added. 
Hence,  when  all  the  prefixes  and  suffixes  in  the  language 
are  known,  nothing  remains  but  to  acquire  the  meaning 
of  the  primitives  to  understand  the  whole  language,  so  far 
as  those  component  parts  are  concerned  in  modifying  the 
import  of  words. 


SECTION  II. 

Caufio7i. 

In  applying  the  following  rules,  in  this  book,  it  must  be 
vtmemberod,  Hamk  application  is  confined  exclusively  to 


14 

derivative  words.  When  any  of  iliose  combinations  of 
letters,  called  prefixes  and  suffixes,  constitute  an  essential 
part  of  a  primitive  word,  they  are  in  such  cases  neither 
prefixes  nor  suffixes,  and  do  not  come  under  the  rnles  of 
Analysis  nor  Definition.  Such  as  '  ess,'  in  Bless,  *  ate,'  in 
Climate,  '  ish,'  in  Lavish,  '  ment,'  in  Torment,  &c.,  '  em,* 
in  Embers,  '  bi,'  in  Bias,  '  un,'  in  Under,  together  with  all 
such  primitive  words  as  contain  a  similar  combination  of 
letters  as  any  of  the  prefixes  and  suffixes.  To  such  the 
rules  do  not  apply. 


SECTION  III. 
Origin  of  some  of  the  Prefixes  and  Suffixes. 

The  greater  part  of  the  prefixes  in  the  English  language, 
comes  to  us  from  the  Latin  and  Greek.  In  those  langua- 
ges they  are  separable  or  inseparable  prepositions.  Very 
little  difference  exists  in  their  independent  signification  or 
conjunct  influence,  as  used  in  our  language,  or  in  those 
languages  whence  they  are  derived.  Their  extent  of  ap- 
plication gives  them  a  commanding  influence.  Hence  the 
importance  of  a  distinct  understanding  of  all  those  small 
words  so  extensively  interwoven  in  the  formation  of  our 
derivative  words. 

The  suffixes  are  of  a  more  doubtful  origin;  yet  their 
common  import,  as  appended  to  words,  can  be  obtained 
with  sufficient  precision  to  answer  the  more  important 
purposes  of  this  work.  Nor  is  it  very  material,  in  this 
case,  whether  we  can  or  cannot  decide  unequivocally  on 
their  origin,  provided  we  can  be  satisfied  how  their  appli- 
cation does  change,  alter  or  modify  the  import  of  words 
according  to  established  usage.  Although  such  inquiry  is 
not  necessarily  connected  with  this  work,  yet  we  will  give 
some  general  view,  both  as  to  fact  and  probability  of  their 
derivations. 

ER.  When  it  signifies  a  person,  as  in  Lover,  Farmer, 
&c.,  is  considered  to  be  a  contraction  of  the  Saxon  wer^ 
which  signifies  a  Man.  Hence,  Lover  implies  a  man  or 
person  who  loves. 


15 

oa.  Is  derived  from  the  Latin.  Er  and  or,  go  far  m 
distinguishing  Saxon  and  Latin  derivations. 

ESS.  Is  probably  of  Hebrew  origin,  yet  many  derivatives 
in  oTj  from  Latin,  take  ess,  to  distinguish  the  gender,  as 
Actor,  Actrew,  generally  dropping  the  vowel  which  pre- 
cedes r. 

y.  When  the  final  letter,  is  thought  to  be  the  equiva- 
lent of  the  German  ig,  and  gives  at  least  three  different 
senses  to  words. 

1.  It  expresses  a  condition,  as  Slave,  Slaver,  Slavery;  ' 

2.  A  place  where  something  is  done  or  kept,  as  Factoi 
Factory ;  Armor,  Armory. 

3.  The  possession  of  something,  as  weal,  wealth,  wealthy. 
LY.  Is  a  contraction  of  like,  derived  from  the  Saxon 'Zzc' 

We  say  either  death-like,  or  deathly;  God-like,  or  Godly; 
but  always  goodZy,  and  always  wax-like. 

TY.  Is  derived  from  Lat.  as  Pietas,  whence  Piety ;  Levi- 
tas,  Levity  ;  Serenitas,  Serenity ;  Civilitas,  Civility. 

FY,  FIT,  FIG.  Have  a  common  origin,  which  is  the  con- 
traction of  Facio,  or  Fio,  to  make  or  become.  Fructify  is 
a  contraction  of  Fructus  and  Facio,  to  make  fruitful ;  Dei- 
fy, &c.,  Deus  and  Facio. 

ABLE  and  iBLE.  Home  Tooke  thinks  are  taken  from  the 
Gothic  word  '  abal,^  implying  power,  strength,  or  ability. 

Able  and  ihlt,  are  also  common  in  Latin,  from  habilis. 

TivE.  Is  borrowed  from  the  Lat.  Times — as  Nativus, 
Native ;  Nominativus,  Nominative  ;  Genitivus,  Genitive. 

ic.  Is  a  contraction,  as  it  is  thought,  from  the  Greek  ikos, 
as  Kritikos,  Critic.  Some,  however,  ^re  from  Lat.  and 
French. 

TION,  sioN.  Are  derived  from  Lat.  and  in  many  instances 
differ  in  signification  very  little  from  *  ing,^  as  in  Educa^iOTi, 
or  'Etdwdating.  When  the  Latin  Supine,  whence  they  are 
borrowed,  ends  in  turn,  we  spell  tion ;  but  when  the  Supine 
is  sum,  we  spell  sion. 
-    Lat.  Motum,  Conventum,  Formatum,  Collectum. 

En.    Motion,  Convention,  Formation,  Collection. 

Lat.  Aversum,  Submersum,  Incursum,  Adhesum. 

•  En.    Aversion,  Submersion,  Incursion,  Adhesion. 

Some  are  formed  from  Lat.  nouns,  by  the  addition  of  n 
io  the  noiiu  case,  as  Natio,  Static — Nation,  Station. 


16 

ANCE.    ")      These  six  terminations  have  evidently  grown 

ENCE.       out  of  the  pres.  part.  nom.  case  of  Lai,  verbs, 

ANCY.    1  because  the  spelling  of  each  agrees  with  the 

ENcy.     ]  four  conjugations.     The  first,  with  few  excep- 

ANT.      I  tions,  has  ance.     The  second  and  third,  ewctf, 

ENT.  J  and  the  fourth  zewcc.  hat.  First,  conj.  Affirm- 
ans^  Accordaws,  Circum5?a«5.  Kn.  Affirmance,  Accordance, 
QtixzxMiistance, 

Second  and  third  conj.  TendeTW,  Age«5,  ArdeTw,  Insolv> 
tns.    En.  Tendency^  Age7icy,  Aide?icy,  Insolvency. 

Fourth  conj.  Audiens,  Convenze?w,  Ohediens,  Experfen*. 
En.  Audie7icey  Conveme?ice,  Ohedience,  Experience. 

Lat.  DissonaTiSj  Depende/if ,  Delinquens,  ExpedecTW. 

En.    Dissonant,  Dependent,  Delinque^i?,  Expedie^i^. 

This  fact,  if  duly  regarded  by  the  classical  scholar, 
would  prevent  any  mistakes  in  spelling  words  of  this  de- 
scription. 

MENT.    )      Are  admitted  to  be  of  French  origin.     Ment^ 

AGE.       )  is  extensively  used. 

ATE.  There  are  a  numerous  class  of  words  having  this 
^rmination,  which  in  form,  exactly  agrees  with  the  imp. 
mode  of  Lat.  verbs,  second  person,  plural,  and  the  Lat. 
perf.  part,  vocative  case ;  yet  in  signification  there  is  little 
or  no  analogy.  It  is  now  an  English  termination  common 
to  words  of  Lat.  derivation,  as  Accelerate,  Obliterate,  De- 
liberate, Demonstrate,  Accommodate,  &c. 

D.  In  such  words  as  Multiplicand,  Dividend,  Subtrahend, 
Legend,  Reverend,  &c.,  is  evidently  a  contraction  of  the 
Lat.  dies  or  dumj  as  LegencZ  for  hegendus,  &c. 

BLE.  This  termination  has  come  down  to  us  through  the 
medium  of  the  Italian  and  French ;  from  the  Lat.  biliSf 
the  French  mistaking  between  bile  and  the  Italian  vole^ 
made  it  He,  and  very  improperly  appended  it  to  a  nume- 
rous class  of  words,  such  as  Syllable,  Yestible,  Doublet 
Treble,  &cc. 

EN.  Is  derived  from  the  Saxon  an^  through  the  Ger- 
man en,  and  was  originally  equivalent  to  our  particle  to,  of 
the  infinitive  mode.  Amongst  the  Saxons,  en  and  n  were 
used  in  common  with  ed  as  participial  terminations,  as 
Craven,  Heaven,  Barren,  for  Crave^f,  Heave<i,  Barre<if;  both 
are  retained  by  established  usage.     We  now  say  giyefi 


17 

instead  of  gived,  or  we  make  use  of  either,  as  Engravcw 
or  Engraved;  yet  by  far  the  most  numerous  class  of  words 
retain  ed  exclusively,  t  is  often  used  like  en  for  ed  as 
huilt  for  buildec?. 

Kic.  Is  derived  from  German,  and  implies  possession,  as 
Bishoprzc.  % 

DOM.  Is  from  the  Saxon  dom^  implying  a  collection  of 
things. 

ING.  Is  taken  from  the  German  u?ig. 

LING  and  KIN.  Are  also  borrowed  from  the  German,  and 
are  commonly  used  as  diminutives,  as  Duckling,  a  little 
Duck.     LambHTz,  a  little  Lamb. 

HOOD.  Is  also  borrowed  from  German,  as  Boyhood, 
Priesthood,  expressing  a  state  or  condition. 

TH.  Seems  to  be  peculiar  to  some  of  the  more  ancient 
forms  of  our  language,  accompanied  in  most  cases,  by  a 
change  of  vowels,  as  Long,  Leng/A;  Strong,  Strength; 
Bear,  B'lvth  ;  Moon,  Mon^A,  &c. 

GHT.  Is  the  equivalent  for  the  German  cht,  as  in  sight, 
&c. 

ISH.  Is  the  substitute  for  the  Saxon  isc. 

SOME.  Probably  may  have  come  from  the  Saxon  sum. 

FUL.  Is  derived  from  the  Saxon  voll. 

LESS.  Is  also  from  the  Saxon  laes. 

ED.  While  a  great  portion  of  our  verbs  derived  from  the 
Saxon,  are  very  irregular,  as  drink,  swim,  fling,  &c.,  those 
of  Latin  origin,  are  pretty  uniformly  marked  by  the  regular 
addition  of  ed  to  their  imperfect  and  participle. 

SHIP.  Seems  to  be  borrowed  from  some  word  implying 
to  shape,  or  do  something,  as  Yxiendiship,  YeWowship,  &c. 

NESS.  Is  doubtless  from  the  Saxon  nesse. 

AL.  May  be  considered  of  Latin  origin. 

AR  and  ORY.  Are  also  derived  from  the  Latin. 

IZE,  1ST,  ISM.  Are  of  Greek  derivation. 

URE.  Is  from  the  Latin. 

UDE,  TUDE.  Are  also  from  the  Latin. 

oiD.  Is  derived  from  the  Greek,  eidos. 

ous.  Is  taken  from  the  Latin. 

There  can  be  little  doubt  that  most,  if  not  all  the  impor- 
tant terminations  in  our  language,  were  once  significant 
words,  or  a  contraction  of  such  words.     Could  this  be  pre- 


V 


IS 

cisely  ascertained,  it  would  furnish  a  most  perfect  devel- 
opment of  the  true  genius  of  our  language.  The  result 
of  such  a  discovery  would  expose  all  the  errors  and  im- 
perfections that  now  exist,  and  naturally  induce  subsequent 
writers  to  avoid  them,  and  gradually  introduce  what  in 
process  of  time  would  be  a  pure  if  not  a  perfect  system 
of  language. 


SECTION  IV. 

Explanation  of  the  Pi-efixes. 

A  Prefix  is  a  letter,  syllable  or  word  added  to  the  be- 
ginning of  some  other  word  to  vary  or  modify  its  primitive 
signification. 

Theist  implies  a  person  who  believes  in  the  existence  of 
a  God.  Now  prefix  a  and  it  becomes  Atheist,  implying 
one  who  does  not  believe  in  the  existence  of  a  God. 

Again,  Possible  means  that  which  can  be  done.  Now 
prefix  im  and  it  becomes  mpossible,  implying  what  cannot 
be  done. 

Some  entire  words  are  occasionally  used  as  prefixes. 
The  following  are  the  principal  prefixes  in  our  language, 
influencing  the  meaning  of  words. 

A,  AB,  ABs.  When  these  are  prefixed  to  words,  which  are 
commonly  of  Latin  origin,  they  usually  denote. 

Separating,  Talcing  frowy 

or  Departure,  or  Privation^ 

As  Ah  solve,  to  heefrom. 

Ab  lution,  the  act  of  washing  away. 
Ah  scision,  the  act  of  cutting  off. 
Abs  tract*  to  take/ro77^. 
Ab  breviate,  to  shorten,  taking  apart, 
Abs  temious,  refraining /ro?/?. 
Ab  jure,  to  swear  off,  or  renounce  upon  oath. 
N.  B.  A  in  many  instances  does  little  else  than  confirm 
the  meaning  of  the  word,  and  has  an  equivalent  signification 
with  rm,  to,  in  or  at.     As  ashore,  on  shore,  abed,  afar,  afoot. 
AD.  When  a  prefix  signifies  to,  increasing   or   adding 
something  more  to  the  primitive  import,     ac,  af,  ag,  al,  an^ 


19 

ap,  ar,  as,  at,  are  only  different  modifications  of  ad  and 
have  the  same  signification,  usually  add-hig  something 
more  to  the  primitive  import;  as  Join,  to  unite  ;  ^^join,  to 
unite  to  ;  Credit,  to  believe  ;  Accredit,  to  give  belief  to  ; 
AfRx,  to  fix  to  ;  Annex,  to  connect  to  ;  Atie^i,  to  witness 
to. 

N.  B.  The  phraseology  need  not  be  confined  to  the  word 
to,  but  may  vary  in  any  manner,  which  will  imply  addi' 
Hon;  as  ilccord,  to  agree  with;  ^c?jacent,  nearby;  As- 
sure, to  make  more  certain. 

AMBi.  Implies  two,  twofold,  or  doubtful ;  as  Ambidexter, 
using  both  hands  equally  well;  A7nbiguo\is,  of  doubtful 
meaning. 

ANTE.  Always  denotes  before,  either  in  time  or  place ;  as 
Antedsite ;  Antediluvian,  before  the  flood. 

ANT,  ANTi.  Denote  against,  or  opposition ;  as  ^TZifichrist ; 
AntiiehT'de,  good  against  fever. 

ALL.  When  used  as  a  prefix,  simply  enlarges  the  signifi- 
cation, and  is  equivalent  to  most,  wholly,  or  in  the  highest 
degree;  -4^^-cheering, ?7io*? cheering ;  ^ZZ-abandoned,  zt'AoZ- 
ly  abandoned. 

AFTER.  Always  implies  behind,  or  later,  in  some  sense ; 
as  After^axt,  After\o\ey  Afternoon. 

BE.  As  a  prefix  denotes  nearness,  about,  to  make,  07i,  or 
at.  It  is  derived  from  some  root,  signifying  to  press ;  as 
JBedew,  to  moisten  with  dew. 

BENE.  Always  implies  good,  or  toell ;  as  i^ewevolent, 
wishing  well ;  Benefactor,  a  doer  of  good. 

Bi,  BIS.  Are  the  same,  and  as  prefixes  mean  two  ;  as 
JBesect,  to  cut  into  two  parts  ;  jBeennial,  once  in  two  years. 

BY.  When  used  as  a  prefix,  means  nearness,  closeness, 
withdrawing,  or  seclusion ;  as  ^y-stander,  By-ipath,  By^^^ 
lane. 

CIS.  On  this  side ;  cw- Alpine,  on  this  side  the  Alps. 

CENTU.    )      A  hundred,  or  by  the  hundred ;  as  CentU' 

CENTi.      >  plicate,  to  make  a  hundred  fold ;  Centi\>ed,  an 

CENT.  )  hindred  feet ;  Centennial,  consisting  of  a  hun- 
dred years. 

coNTEA.  Signifies  against,  or  iri  opposition  to ;  as  Con' 
travene,  to  oppose,  or  come  against. 

CO,  COM,  COG,  CON,  COL,  COR.  Have  a  common  significa- 


20 

tion,  indicating  union,  or  connection,  in  some  sense,  and  are 
nearly  equivalent  to  with,  joined  with,  and  in  connection 
wtthf  or  together  ;  as  Join,  to  unite  ;  Cowjoin,  to  unite  wzY^; 
Pi  ess,  to  squeeze  ;  Compress,  to  squeeze  together. 

ciRciJM.  Always  implies  around,  or  about ;  as  Circum,' 
na  vig*ie,  to  sail  around  ;  Circumxent,  to  come  around, 

coiTWTER.  Signifies  opposite,  against,  or  corresponding ; 
as  Couniersict,  to  act  agaiyist. 

DE.  When  a  prefix,  usually  implies /roTw,  down,  separa- 
ting  or  removing  from,  and  a  negative  stnse  ;  Deduce,  to 
lead  or  draw /rom;  Debase,  to  bring  dovm ;  Derange,  to 
put  out  of  place. 

N.  B.  It  sometimes  adds  intensity  to  the  meaning;  as 
D^rave,  to  make  worse. 

Di,  Dis,  DiF.  Imply  separation,  disunion,  out,  not,  or  two; 
alsOj  to  take  away,  in  a  privative  or  negative  sense  ;  as 
Diverge,  to  move  in  different  directions ;  Dwarm,  to  dc' 
prive  of  arms ;  Dwhonest,  not  honest ;  Dz^inter,  to  take 
out  of  the  earth. 

DECA.  Means  ten ;  as  Decagon,  ten  angles. 

E,  EX,  EF,  EC  Commonly  imply  out,  out  of,  from,  or  hc' 
yond  ;  as  Merge,  to  put  under  water ;  Emerge,  to  come 
out;  JSvade,  to  escape  from;  JSa:clude,  to  shutout;  Ez- 
haust,  to  draw  out, 

N.  B.  In  some  cases  they  do  little  else  than  to  add  em- 
phasis ;  as  jSa:asperate,  to  make  more  angry  ;  jEa:act,  very 
exact;  ExienA,  to  advance /wrMe?- ;  jBartreme,  to  the  very 
end. 

EN,  EM.  Are  a  substitute  for  in,  and  generally  increase 
the  primitive  signification;  as  jETzlighten,  to  afford  moj't 
light ;  £?wbed,  to  lay  in  a  bed ;  JSwforce,  to  add  force. 
■    EU.  Implies  good,  well,  or  praise  ;  as  Ewphonic,  agreea- 
ble in  sound  ;  Eulogize,  to  praise. 

EQUi.  Implies  equal;  as  jE'g'z^2lateral,  equal  sides. 

EXTRA.  Signifies  beyond,  more  than,  or  excess ;  as  Ex' 
?r<zvagant,  wandering  beyond  the  usual  limits. 

FORE.  Generally  denotes  priority,  either  in  time  or  place ; 
as  i<'orewarn,  Foresee,  Foreknow,  Foreshow. 

FOR.  When  a  prefix  to  verbs,  is  a  negative  or  a  privative, 
denoting  against,  away,  or  aside ;  as  JPorbear,  to  abstain 
from;  Forbid,  to  utter  a  prohibition. 


«1 

HEX,  HEX^.  Always  means  six;  Hexagon,  six  angles. 

HIGH.  As  a  prefix  implies  elevated,  lofty,  or  high,  either 
ra  place,  rank,  degree,  quality  or  condition ;  as  High-hnilt, 
High-minded,  High-horn,  High-fed,  High-sounding. 

IM,  IN,  IG,  IL,  iR.  When  prefixed  to  adjectives,  give  them 
a  negative  sense,  nearly  equivalent  to  not ;  as  J^'noble,  Twt 
noble ;  /TZipossible,  not  possible ;  /?zseparable,  what  can 
7iot  be  separated ;  JZlegal,  7iot  legal ;  /rrational,  nx)t  ra- 
tional; //zsufTerable,  irreligious.  But  when  prefixed  to 
verbs,  and  in  some  instances  to  other  parts  of  speech,  they 
add  intensity,  or  increase  the  force  of  signification,  as  im- 
pose, to  lay  upon  ;  Infix,  tq.  fasten  or  fix  i?i ;  iZlume,  to 
enlighten ;  Jrritate,  to  excite  anger. 

INTER.  Always  implies  ainong,  or  between ;  as  jTz^ercede, 
to  pass  between,  or  mediate  ;  Interdict,  Interweave,  Inter' 
change,  J/zZermingle. 

•  INTRO.  Means  within,  into,  or  nearness  ;  as  jTz^rogression, 
entering  within. 

INFRA.  Means  below,  under,  or  underneath;  as  Infra- 
mundane,  under  the  world. 

JURIS.  Implies  legal,  or  by  laioful  right ;  as  Jurisdiz' 
tion,  legal  right  over ;  JirtWsprudence,  legal  science. 

juxTA.  Means  near  by,  or  next ;  as  Jz^ar^cposition,  being 
placed  in  nearness. 

MIS.  Implies  a  wrong  use,  or  misapplication,  error  or 
erroneous,  derived  from  the  verb  7niss,  to  err;  ilii'splace, 
to  place  wrong ;  Misiule,  Misheha.ve,  iWwmanage. 

MALE,  MAL.  Mean  evil,  or  bad  ;  as  iliaZediction,  speak- 
ing evil ;  MaltTea.t,  to  treat  ill,  or  evil ;  Malf oim,  bad 
form ;  MaZevolent,  wishing  evil. 

MULTi.  Signifies  many ;  as  Multifoim,  many  forms. 

MANu.  Means  a  hand;  as  Manumit,  to  free  the  hand 
from  slavery  ;  Manufactuie,  made  by  hand. 

UN.  Prefixed  to  verbs,  is  a  privative,  and  implies  undo' 
ing  or  depriving ;  as  XJnXdice,  to  undo  what  had  been  done. 
But  when  prefixed  to  adjectives  or  participles,  it  is  a  nega' 
five,  or  the  same  as  not. 

NON.  Always  gives  a  negative  sense  to  words,  similar 

to  TbOt. 

NE.  Is  used  for  rum,  and  means  negation  or  not;  as  Un- 


22 

wise,  not  wise ;  U?ztrue,  not  true ;  JVbwsense,  tiot  sense  ; 
C/wkind,  C/?zsafe  ;  JVeuter,  not  either. 

NOCT.  Implies  night ;  as  Nocturnal,  by  night, 

OB,  oc,  OF,  OP.  In  general  denote  in  front,  before,  against  ^ 
towards,  in,  or  on;  as  Objection,  something  brought 
against ;  Occur,  to  meet  or  come  in  front  of;  Obtrude,  to 
thrust  in. 

OVER.  Implies  above,  beyond,  excess,  or  too  much ;  Ovct' 
pay,  to  pay  too  much  ;  Overrate,  Oreract. 

OUT.  Denotes  beyond,  or  ?o  exceed,  what  the  primitive 
means ;  as  Ow^-run,  Out-^o,  Out-live,  Ow^-last. 

OMNI.  Is- prefixed  to  a  few  words,  and  is  always  equiva- 
lent to  all ;  as  Omni^cieni,  All-Vfise ;  Omnipotent,  All- 
powerful. 

ocTo,  ocTA.    )      Signify  eight ;  as  Oc^owocular,*  having 

OCT.  )  eight  eyes ;  Octagon,  eight  angles  ;  Oct- 

ennial, every  eighth  year. 

PLENi.  Signifies  full',  PZewepotentiary,  having  full 
power. 

PENTA.  Means j^ye;  as  Pe?z?agon,j^ye  angles. 

PRETER.  Implies  beyond,  'past,  hence,  beside,  or  more ;  as 
Pr e^e^-natural,  beyond  what  is  natural ;  Preterlegal,  beyond 
the  limits  of  the  law  ;  Pre^erpluperfect. 

POST.  Commonly  denotes  after ;  as  Posr-meridian,  a/*- 
fer-noon  ;  Po5^humous,  after  death. 

PRO.  Denotes  fore,  forth,  forward,  ox  out ;  as  Probation, 
ybre-trial;  Pro-duce,  to  hxing  forth;  Propel,  to  drive /or- 
ward. 

PER.  Implies  intensity,  through,  by,  very,  or  passing 
through,  or  over  the  whole  extent ;  as  Pervade,  to  pass 
through  the  whole ;  Perambulate,  to  walk  through  ;  Per* 
ceive,  to  receive  impressions  through  the  senses  ;  Per-day, 
Per-chance ;  Per-annum,  by  the  year. 

PRE.  Denotes  before,  in  time  or  rank ;  as  Premeditate, 
to  reflect  on  before;  Presuppose,  Preconceive,  Predis- 
pose. 

QUAD.  Means /owr;  Qwfl£?rate, /owr  equal  sides. 

EE.  Generally  deno.tes  again,  repetition,  back,  or  return; 

*  n  is  euphoxxic 


23 

as  Re-enter,  to  enter  again;  Reassert,  iZepay,  jRepeopIe, 
JSejoin. 

N.  B.  In  some  words  re  has  lost  its  original  meaning  ; 
as  jRejoice,  iJeceive,  &c. 

RETRO.  Means  hack  or  backwards  ;  as  i2e?rograde,  mov- 
ing hackward. 

SUB,  sue,  suF,  SUG.    )      Signify  under,  below,  after  or  a 

SUP,  suBTER,  sus.  )  Subordinate  degree ;  as  SwJduce, 
to  draw  wider ;  Succeed,  to  come  after,  or  follow ;  Sup- 
plant,  to  7m^ermine ;  Suffix,  what  is  added  at  the  end  of 
a  word  ;  Subterfiuent,  flowing  render. 

SEMI,  HEMi,  DEMI.  Always  imply  one  half;  as  Semi-^xx- 
nual,  Aa^  yearly ;  iSmecircle,  half  a  circle. 

SE.  Denotes  separation,  aside  or  apart;  as  Secede,  to 
separate  from ;  Seduce,  to  draw  aside. 

SUPER,  SUPRA,  suR.*  Imply  beyond,  upon,  above,  or  over 
and  above;  Superfine,  very  fine  or  over  and  above  fine; 
Siipramnndane,  above  the  world ;  Sz^xharged,  orc7--charg- 
ed. 

SELF.  As  a  prefix,  implies  by  the  person  or  thiiig  alone ; 
as  SeZ/*-taught,  taught  by  one's  self  alone ;  SeZ/*-sufficient. 

SEX.  Means  six ;  as  Sea;cnnial,  once  in  six  years. 

SOLI.  Means  one  or  alone ;  as  SoZeloquy,  talking  alone 
or  to  one's  self. 

SINE.  Means  withcmt ;  as  Sine  die,  without  day. 

TRANS,  ULTRA.  Denote  across,  beyond,  over,  or  a  change; 
TraTW- Atlantic,  across  the  Atlantic;  TOra-Montane,  be- 
yond the  Mountain. 

TRi.  Always  means  three ;  as  T?*2angle,  three  angles. 

TETRA.  Means  four ;  as  Tetragon,  four  corners  or  an- 
gles. 

UNI.  Implies 07ze;  U7zeform,  (wzeform;  XJnicoxn,onehoxn. 

UNDER.  Implies  beneath,  inferior,  or  subordinate;  as 
UnderrzXe,  TJndervAxxe,  JJiulei^seW. 

WITH.  This  word,  as  a  prefix,  implies  opposition,  priva- 
tion, separation,  departure,  or  place  where  ;  TFeYAstand,  to 
stand  in  opposition  to  ;  "PFeMdraw,  to  draw/?-07«. 

POLY.  Means  many;  as  PoZi/sy liable,  via^iy  syllables; 
Polygon^  many  angles. 

*  Swr  li  a  contraction  of  Super. 


MEEK  WORDS,  OR  PARTS  OF  WORDS,  AND  PREPOSITIONS  USED 
AS   PREFIXES. 

A.  Is  a  Greek  pr'vative,  taking  away  something;  as 
Cromatic,  pertaining  lo  color ;  ^cromatic,  deprived  or  des- 
titute of  color. 

AMPHi.  Means  about^  around ;  as  ^wpAetheatre,  an  edi- 
fice in  a  circular  form. 

ANA.  Has  many  significations,  among  which  are  hack^ 
up,  through  ;   /l7i«baptist,  one  who  baptizes  again. 

ARCH.  Means  chief  or  principal ;  -4rcA-Bishop,  the  chief 
Bishop. 

ASTRO.  A  Star  ;  as  AstronomY,  the  law  of  the  Stars. 

AUTO.  One^s  self ;  ^.w^ographic,  pertaining  to  one's  own 
handwriting. 

APO,  APH.  From,  away  from;  Apogee,  from  the  earth; 
Aphelion,  from  the  sun. 

BIO.  Life ;  biography,  the  written  life  of  some  person. 

BiBLio.  A  hook  ;  BibliograTphy,  a  description  of  books, 

CHRONO.   Time  ;  Chronology ^  the  science  of  time. 

CHORO.  A  particular  place ;  CAorography,  giving  a  map 
or  description  of  a  particular  place  or  region. 

CHiRO.  The  hand;  CAeVography,  a  writing  with  one's 
own  hand. 

COSMO.  The  world  or  universe;  CosTnogiaiphy,  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  world. 

CATA.  Against^  down;  Cafahaptist,  one  who  opposes 
baptism. 

DiA,  Di.  Through  ;  Diameter,  measu  mg  through. 

DYs.  Bad,  ill,  or  difficult ;  Dyspeptic,  lad  or  difficult  di- 
gestion. 

EPi.  In,  on,  or  upon  ;  Epidemic,  on  the  people. 

ENTOMO.  An  insect ;  Entomology,  treating  of  insects. 

GEO.  The  earth  ;  Geography,  a  description  of  the  earth. 

GENEA.  The  lineage  or  descent ;  Genealogy,  the  lineage 
of  persons  from  their  ancestry. 

HOMO.  Of  the  same  nature,  kind,  or  qualities  ;  Homage 
neous,  of  the  same  nature,  or  kind. 

HETEBo.  Of  another  nature  or  kvnd^  or  discordant  quali' 


26 

ties  ;  Heterodoxy,  principles  discordant  with  the  received 
doctrines  of  the  church. 

HEPTA.  Seven  ;  Heptagon,  seven  angles. 

HELio.  The  sun ;  flisZzocentric,  distance  from  the  sun^s 
center. 

HEX,  or  HEXA.  Six  ;  Hexagon,  six  angles. 

HYDRO.   Water  ;  Hydrology,  the  science  of  water. 

HYPER.  Over  or  excess  ;  Hypermeter,  exceeding  the  ordi- 
nary standard  of  measure. 

iCHTHYo.  Ajish ;  Ichthyology,  the  science  oijishes. 

LExico.  A  dictionary ;  LexicogrdL^hy,  writing  a  dictio- 
nary. 

LiTHo.  A  stone ;  Lithogra.iphy,  the  art  of  engraving  on 
stone. 

MONO.  One  or  alone;  Monochoid,  having  one  string  or 
chord. 

META.  A  change,  after,  beyond,  next,  together,  (many- 
senses  ;)  Metahasis,  a  transition  or  change  of  place ;  Meta- 
morphose, to  change  the  form. 

MYTHO.  A  fable;  My  t  hologist,  b.  wnter  of  fables. 

Miso.  and  )      From  Misos,  hatred ;  Misoga.m.is,  a  hater 

MIS.  )  of  marriage  ;  Mwanthropy,  hatred  of  man- 

kind. 

osTEo.  A  bone  ;  Osteology,  a  description  of  bones. 

ORTHo.  Right  or  correct ;  Orthology,  the  right  descrip- 
tion of  things. 

oRNiTHo.  A  fowl ;  Ornithology,  the  science  of  fowls. 

PHiLo.  )      A  friend  or  lover ;  Philosophei,  a  lover  of 

PHIL.    (  wisdom ;     PAz7anthropist,  a  lover  of  mankind. 

PERI.  Near,  under,  around  or  about ;  Perigee,  nearest 
the  earth. 

PARA.  Against,  superior,  near,  similar,  together  with. 
It  has  various  senses.  Paradox,  against  or  contrary  to 
received  opinions. 

PAN,  PANTO.  All ;  Pantheon,  a  temple  dedicated  to  all 
the  gods ;  Pantomime,  imitating  all  actions. 

PYRO.  Fire  or  heat;  Pyrotechnic,  the  art  of  makings 
^rc-works. 

PHYSico.  )     Nature,  pertaining  to  nature ;  Physicologic^ 

PHYSIO.    \  Logic  illustrated  hy  Natural  Philosophy. 


26 

tTN,  SY.    )      In  common  with,  together  ivith,  to,  or  cow- 

STL,  SYM.  S  mrrm.ce ;  Sy?2thesis,  putting  two  or  more 
propositions  or  things  together ;  Sz/Twpathy,  suffering  ivith, 
or  having  correspondent  feelings  with  those  afflicted. 

STENo.  Brief,  short,  strait ;  S^eTzographer,  one  who 
writes  s^r^hand. 

STEREO.  Solid,  firm ;  Siereotypey  fixed  or  solid  metal 
l3rpes. 

Topo.  A  place,  tract,  or  region;  Topographer,  one  who 
describes  some  particular  place. 

THEo.  God;  Theology,  the  science  of  God  or  divine 
things.  * 

TYPO.  A  mark,  letter  or  figure  ;  Typogrviphic.  pertaining 
to  printing. 

zoo.  An  animal  or  least ;  Zoography,  a  description  of 
animals. 


SECTION  V. 

Explanation  of  the  Suffixes. 

Although  the  Suffixes  will  not  admit  of  as  precise  defi- 
nitions as  the  Prefixes,  still  they  can  be  classed  so  as  to 
answer  the  more  general  purposes  of  defining  words. 

A  Suffix  is  a  letter  or  letters,  a  syllable  or  syllables,  or 
whatever  is  appended  to  the  end  of  a  word  to  add  force 
vary  or  modify  its  signification, 

The  word  act,  means  something  done,  or  to  do  some- 
thing. Now  add  or,  and  it  becomes  actor,  and  means  the 
person  who  does  something. 

Imprison,  means  to  confine  in  some  place.  Now  add 
tnent,  and  it  becomes  imprisonment,  and  implies  the  act 
of  confining  in  some  place.  Such  terminations  we  de- 
nomiqq.te  Suffixes.  The  following  are  the  principal  in  our 
language.  We  will  now  endeavor  to  class  and  define 
them  according  to  their  general  import. 

ABLE,  IBLE,  BLE.  These  communicate  a  potential  signi- 
fication to  the  word,  and  may  generally  be  defined  by  such 
expressions  as  the  following,  joined  to  the  primitive  import ; 


27 

That>77ay  be,  cupable  of,  capable  of  being,  ft,  or  worthy 
to  be.  (Sometimes)^  pertainiiig  to,  the  capacity  of  or  thn 
state ;  as 

AudiJZe,  that  may  be  heard. 

flexible,  that  may  be  bent. 

Vayable,  that  may  be  paid. 

Legible,  that  may  be  read. 

Eligz^Ze,^^  or  worthy  to  be  chosen. 

ILE.  Is  sometimes  defined  like  «5Ze,  and  sometimes  by 
belonging  to,  pertaining  to,  or  easily  ;  as 

FlexzVe,  that  may  be  bent,  or  easily  bent. 

PuerzYe,  belonging  to  a  boy.  • 

JuveniZe,  pertaining  to  youth. 

ABLENEss,  iBLENEss.  )      May  be  rendered,  the  property 

ABILITY,  IBILITY.  )  OT  quality  capable  of  being,  or  that 
may  be,  the  capacity  or  state  of  or  the  property  or  quality 
susceptible  of 

Divisibility,'-  the  property  or  quality  capable  of  being 
divided. 

Compressz^27zY?/,  the  quality  that  may  depressed  together, 
or  capable  of  being  pressed  together. 

Inhajximableness,  the  quality  susceptible  of  flame,  or  of 
taking  fire. 

Incxxrability,  the  state  of  being  incurable. 

CoxmnensuTableness,  the  capacity  of  being  compared. 

Accountability,  the  5^<z^e  of  being  accountable. 

ANce,  ANCY.  )      Imply  the  existing  state  or  condition; 

ENCE,  ENCY.  (  (sometimes)  the  act  of,  the  result  of  an  act, 
or  the  thing  itself 

DependeTzce  or  Dependewc?/,  the  state  of  hanging  down 
from  a  supporter. . 

EmergeTzce,  EmergcTicy,  the  act  of  rising  out  of,  or  the 
event  itself 

Contuyance,  the  act  of  inventing  or  the  thing  inventedr 

Compliance,  the  act  of  complying,  or  result  of  the  act. 

ANT,  ENT.  Sometimes  mean  the  person  or  thi7ig  ;  as 

"Defendant,  one  who  defends. 

PresideTi^,  one  who  does,  or  has  presided  over. 

Solvent,  that  thing  which  produces  solution. 

ANT  and  ENT.  In  most  other  casiis  ar«  defined  by  a  judi 
cioufi  use  of  ing ;  as  • 


2S 

Adherent^  stickew^  to  ;  also  the  person  who  adheres. 

Incumbent,  lying  or  restm^  on ;  also  the  person. 

RefulgCTZ^,  shining  or  caste?;.^  a  light. 

ION,  TioN,  ATioN.  )      Imply  the  act  of,  or  state  of  leing, 

sioN,  CATION.  )  (Sometimes)  the  state,  condition,  re- 
suit,  or  thing  itself ;  as 

JJnion,  the  act  of  joining,  or  the  state  of  being  joined. 

Persua5zo7z,  the  act  of  persuading,  or  the  state  of  being 
persuaded. 

A-hdisement,  the  act  of  humbling,  or  the  state  of  being 
humbled. 

YoTiificeition,  the  act  of  fortifying,  or  the  thing  itself. 

CwiXization,  the  act  of  civilizmg,  or  the  state  of  being 
civilized. 

EN,  FY.    )      Commonly  mean  to  mahe  or  made  of,  to  he- 

FIT,  Fic.  )  come,  or  to  produce. 

Softe?i,  made  soft,  or  softer. 

Silkew,  made  of  silk.  ' 

Sl^upe/?/,  to  make  stupid. 

Ossi/y,  to  become  bone. 

Sudori/?c,  producing  sweat. 

ORY,  TORY,  soRY.  Usually  imply  containing,  tending  to, 
belonging  to,  the  power  of,  the  nature  of,  or  the  place. 

Mandafo??/,  cmitaining  a  command. 

Inflammatory,  tending  to  inflammation. 

Compubor?/,  having  the  power  of  compelling. 

Observa^or?/,  the  place  of  making  observations. 

Explanatory,  containing  explanation. 

ITY,  TY,  CY.  Generally  express  the  substantive  existence 
of  that  quality  found  in  the  primitive,  and  may  be  defin- 
ed by  state,  condition,  or  thing  itself-  (Sometimes)  by 
quality,  or  power  of. 

Divine,  is  a  quality  pertaining  to  divinity. 

Divinz^y,  is  the  state  of  being  divine,  or  deity. 

Moral,  is  a  quality  pertaining  to  actions. 

MorahYy,  is  the  very  essence  of  that  quality,  or  the  thing 
itself. 

Ductility,  capable  of  being  drawn  out,  as  metals. 

Steiility,  barrenness. 

Effieacy,  the  power  •(  «ff«cting. 


29 

EE,  oE,  AN,  IAN,  ciAN,  AST.   )      Imply  tkc  persoTi  whOf  in 

ESS,  RESS,  EE,  EER,  1ST.  >  ITlOSt    caSCS,     CXCCpt    eV     ill 

ITE,  INE,  SAN,  ZEN,  IX.  )  adjcctives  of  the  compara- 

tive degree,  and  occasionally  some  of  the  other  termina- 
tions. 

Baker,  one  whose  occupation  is  to  bake. 

Instruct©?',  a  teacher. 

HistoriaTi,  a  writer  of  history. 

Artisan,  one  skilled  in  some  art. 

Denizes,  a  citizen. 

AR,  ARY,  ARD,  ivE.     )      Occasionally  imply  a  person  or 

STER,  ADO,  ATE,  oso.  )  thing  ;  as  in 

Beggar,  one  who  asks  alms. 

Drunkard,  one  who  gets  drunk. 

Teanaster,  one  who  drives  a  team. 

Bravado,  a  brag. 

AR,  ARY,  10,  icAL.    )       Most   commonly    are  rendered 

ILE,  INE,  TiAL.  >  pertaining  to,  relating  to,  or  like, 

ciAL,  AC,  AL.  )   {SoTHQiimQs)  belonging  to ;  as 

Consular,  pertaining  to  a  consul. 

Planetary,  pertaining  to  the  planets. 

Juvem'Ze,  pertaining  to  youth. 

Commercial,  pertaining  to  commerce. 

AL.  Sometimes  implies  the  act  of ;  as 

Refusal,  the  act  of  refusing. 

IVE.  Means  having  a  tendency  to,  having  the  power  of, 
(Sometimes)  containing,  the  nature  of,  relating  to,  (Oc- 
casiongdly)  that  may  he,  the  quality  of,  or  person ;  as 

Dehxsive,  having  a  tendency  to  deceive. 

Expanszue,  having  the  power  to  expand. 

Exhortat^ve,  wntaining  exhortation. 

Instinctzue,  the  nature  of  instinct. 

Conversatire,  relating  to  intercourse  with  men. 

Relaxatzi?e,  having  the  quality  of  relaxing. 

Executzre,  the  person  who  executes  the  laws. 

ATE.  When  an  adjective,  expresses  some  quality,  and 
as  such,  may  be  defined,  having  the  quality  or  qualities 
of ;  as 

Effeminate,  having  the  qualities  of  the  female  sex. 

It  is  the  termination  to  a  numerous  class  of  words,  and 
when  a  verb,  may  be  rendered  by  the  preposition  to,  or  to 


30 

make.     The  word,  however,  with  this  Suffix,   generally 
expresses  its  own  appropriate  meaning  most  clearly ;  as 

Accelerate,  to  hasten,  or  to  quicken  motion. 

Alleviaife,  to  lighten,  or  to  make  lighter. 

Abbreviate,  to  shorten,  or  to  make  shorter. 

AGE.  Signifies  the  rank,  office,  state,  condition,  allowance 
or  ability  to  give  or  receive  ;  as 

Peerage,  the  rank  of  a  Peer. 

Pupilag-e,  the  state  of  being  a  scholar. 

Parentage,  condition  as  respects  the  ra7ik  of  a  parent. 

DOM,  RIG.  Imply  jurisdiction,  or  possession,  by  a  prince, 
or  bishop ;  as 

Dukefiow,  possessions  of  a  Duke. 

ISM.  Signifies  a  doctrine  or  the  principles  of,  the  state, 
that  which  is  peculiar  to,  an  idiom  or  science. 

ProtestantW777,  the  principles  of  a  protestant. 

NaturaU'sm,  the  mere  state  of  nature. 
.  Anglicww,  peculiar  to  the  English  idiom. 

IZE.  Signifies  to  do,  to  perform,  to  make,  to  give,  or  to 
assimilate;  as 

Equalzze,  to  make  equal. 

Legalize,  to  make  lawful. 

Tyrannize,  to  act  the  tyrant. 

Authorize,  to  give  authority. 

Brutalize,  to  make  brutal. 

ics.  Generally  implies  the  science,  doctrine  or  art  of 
what  the  primitive  alludes  to  ;  as 

Acoustics,  the  science  of  sounds.  * 

Optics,  the  science  of  light  and  vision. 

ISH.  Means  ZiA:e,  somewhat,  belonging  tOy  or  national ;  as 

Heathenish,  like  a  heathen. 

GreenisA,  somewhat  green. 

Spanish,  belonging  to  Spain. 

LESS.  Shows  the  primitive  to  be  destitute  of  what  it  is 
capable  of  being,  and  may  be  rendered,  without,  or  desti- 
tute  of;  as 

HopeZcss,  without,  or  destitute  of  hope. 

HouseZess,  FearZess,  Graceless,  ColorZew. 

LING,  KIN,  CLE,  iJLE.  Imply  little  or  young  ;  as 

DuckZiTz^,  a  little  duck. 

LambA:iw,  a  Zi^^Ze  lamb. 


31 

VersicZc,  a  little  verse. 

Globz^Ze,  a  little  globe. 

SpherwZc,  a  ZeYifZe  sphere. 

NESS.  Denotes  the  abstract  quality  of .  (Sometimes)  the 
iimple  quality  or  state. 

Round7^e55,  is  an  abstract  quality,  without  reference  to 
any  particular  thing  in  which  it  is  found. 

Whitewew,  Good/iew,  Great«e55,  Softness. 

Sound7ze55,  is  the  state  of  being  sound,  (in  its  sense.) 

ous,  cEous.  Generally  mean,  partaking  of,  resembling 
or  like.     ( Sometimes) /mZZ  q/",  or  consisting  of;  as 

Dangerowi,  partaJci?ig  of  danger. 

Argillaceoz^5,  consisting  of  argil  or  clay. 

Perilow5,  jTwZZ  of  peril  or  danger. 

PopuloM5,  full  of  people. 

Biliow^,  co7isisting  of  bile. 

Laborious,  full  of  labor. 

ous,  (after)  fer,  making  ferous.  Commonly  means,  pro- 
iucing  or  causing  ;  as 

Somni/erow^,  producing  or  causing  sleep. 

Omni/erow5,  producing  all  kinds. 

oiD.  Signifies,  resembling^  or  in  the  form  of, 

SphenozV?,  resembling  a  wedge. 

VarioloaVf,  the  name  given  to  a  disease  resembling  small- 
pox. 

Typhofi?,  resembling  typhus. 

some.  Has  various  significations  in  its  connections,  but 
more  generally  means,  possessing  a  degree  of  somewhat^  or 
full  q/";  as 

DelightsoTwe,  possessing  a  degree  of  delight. 

GladsoTTie,  possessing  a  degree  of  joy. 

HOOD.  Means  state  or  condition.  (Sometimes)  ofjice  or 
quality. 

ManAoof?,  the  state  of  one  who  is  a  man.  « 

HardiAood?,  the  quality  of  being  bold,  or  dauntless. 

l^oyhood,  the  s^aic  of  a  boy. 

VviQsihood,  the  o^ce  of  a  priest. 

SHIP.  Denotes  office  or  5?a^e,  district  or  territory* 

ProfessorsAep,  the  q;^ce  of  a  professor. 

RelationsAf;?,  the  s^a^e  of  being  related  to.  /. 

Tovinshipi  the  district  of  a  town. 


8!^ 

TUDE,  UDE.  Usually  convert  the  quality  of  the  adjective 
into  a  substantive  form,  and  may  be  rendered  the  state  or 
state  of  being ;  as 

Xm^Wtude^  the  state  or  extent  of  capacity,  from  ample. 

WARD.  Means  in  a  direction^  indicated  by  the  primitive. 

'Northward,  Eastw;ar(f ,  JJ'^ward,  J)ownward,  homeward. 

FUL,  osE.  Denote /z^ZZ  ff^full  or  abundance  ;  as 

Play/wZ,  /wZ/  of  play. 

Verhose^full  of  words. 

Opero^e,  /z^ZZ  of  labor. 

'Needful,  Careful,  Hopeful. 

LY.  Means  like,  in  a  manner,  or  resembling. 

ManZy,  Ze'Aie  a  man. 

CourageousZi/-,  in  a  courageous  manner. 

ly,  when  united  to  a  primitive,  as  in  manly,  usually  im- 
plies like  ;  w^hen  it  follows  a  Suffix,  it  expresses  the  maTh- 
ner,  as  in  courage(W^5Zy. 

URE.  Commonly  denotes  the  act,  state,  or  thing,  (Some- 
times) the  power,  or  art  of. 

Composzire,  the  act  of  composing,  or  the  state  of  being 
composed. 

Architecture,  the  art  of  building. 

ERY,  RY,  Y.  Seem  to  imply  an  art  or  practice  ;  as 

Witchery,  Quackerz/,  Cookery.  A  place  where  some- 
thing is  done  or  kept :  as  Butchery,  Fishery,  Brewery.  A 
state:  as  Beggary,  Slavery;  or  the  possession  of  some- 
thing, as  Wealthy,  Sandy,  Shady. 

ED.  Is  a  verbal  and  participial  termination,  implying 
past  time  of  action.  It  expresses  its  own  meaning,  yet 
may  sometimes  be  made  more  explicit  by  adding,  was  or 
did,  to  the  past  tense  of  the  verb  ;  as 

I  WalkcdZ,  meaning  I  did  walk. 

ING.  Is  a  participial  termination  implying  a  time  of  pro- 
gressive action,  and  may  be  rendered  with  direct  reference 
to  that  time,  continuing  to  ;  as 

"Reading,  continuing  to  read. 

ing,  is  frequently  used  to  express  some  article  or  thing; 
as 

Clothing,  ShippzTz^. 

It  must  be  remembered,  that  the  foregoing  definitions  to 
the  Suffixes,  canndt  be  expected  precisely  to  meet  every 


33 

case  in  the  language ;  but  from  careful  examination  of 
many  thousands  of  words,  it  is  believed  they  will  answer 
all  the  common  purposes  of  defining ;  and  generally,  en- 
able the  pupil  clearly  to  perceive  the  several  modifications 
of  import,  produced  by  their  combinations  with  the  primi- 
tive word. 


SECTION  VI. 


Alphabetical  Synopsis  of  all  the  Prefixe^t  or  words  tised  as 
such,  varying  the^  import  of  more  than  forty  thousand 
words. 


al| 
at.  \ 


a  ab  abs. 

ad  ac  af  ag  al 

an  ap  ar  as 

ambi. 

amb  am  amphi 

ante. 

ant  anti. 

all. 
after.! 


ana. 

aristo. 

astro. 

auto. 

apo  aph. 

be. 

bene. 

bi  bis. 

bio. 

biblio. 

chrono. 

chore. 

ehiro. 

eosmo. 

oentu  centi  e«nt. 


Separating,  departure,  taking  from, 

privation. 
To,  (implying  some  addition.) 

Both,  twofold,  doubtful. 

About,  around. 

Before. 

Against,   opposition.      (Sometimes) 

before. 
Most,  wholly,  in  the  highest  degree. 
Behind,  later. 
(As  a  Greek  privative,)  taking  away, 

implying  without. 
Back,  again,  up,  through. 
The  few,  best,  Nobles.  -  ^rf 

A  star. 
One's  self. 
From,  away  from. 
Nearness,  about,  to  make,  on  or  at. 
Good,  well* 
Two. 
Life. 
A  book. 
Time. 

A  particular  place.  ^  -^x  u\ 

The  hand.  )        .tl  Ji, 

The  world. 
A  hundred. 


34 


contra. 
CO  com  cog 
con  col  cor. 
circum. 

counter*"'  ^' 


de. 

di  dis  dif. 

deca. 

dia. 

duo. 

dys. 

epi. 

entomo. 

e  ex  ef  ec. 

en  em. 

eu. 

equi. 

extra. 

fore. 

for. 

geo. 

genea* 

homo. 

hetero. 

hepta  sept. 

helio. 

hexa  hex  sex. 

hydro. 

hyper. 

high. 

inter. 

im  in  ig  ) 
ilir.        \ 

intro. 


.jt/iUi; 


Against,  opposition. 

With,  joined  with,  in  connection 
with,  together. 

Around,  about. 

(For  contra)  opposite,  against,  cor- 
responding or  addition. 

From,  down,  separating  from,  or  in 
a  negative  sense. 

Separation,  disunion,  two,  out,  not. 

Ten. 

Through-    ... 

Bad,  ill,  difficult. 

In,  or  on. 

An  insect. 

Out,  out  of,  beyond,  from. 

In,  or  to  make,  (adding  strength  of 
meaning.) 

Good,  well,  praise.     .  , 

Equal.  •■•'*"  ---     '  - 

Beyond,  more  than,  excess. 

Priority,  or  before. 

Against,  away,  aside. 

The  earth. 

Lineage,  or  descent. 

Of  the  same  nature,  kind  or  quali- 
ties. 

Of  another  nature  or  kind,  discord- 
ant qualities. 

Seven.     ,_;, 

The  sun.  ^-^.. 

Six. 

Water. 

Over,  excess. 

Elevated,  more  than  is  common,  or- 
high  (in.  some  sense.) 

Among,  between. 

Not,  (with  an  adjective,)  in^  into,  oti, 
(with  a  verb,  adding  intensity 
of  meaning.) 

Within,  into,  nearness.    ^ 


35 


infra. 

ichthyo. 

juris. 

juxta. 

lexico. 

litho. 

mono. 

miso  mis. 

mytho. 

meta. 

mis. 

male  mal. 
multi  poly, 
manu. 
non  ne  un. 
noct. 

ob  oc  of  op. 

dig. 

over. 

out. 

octo  octa  Oct. 

osteo. 

ortho. 

omitho. 

philo  phil. 

peri. 

para. 

pan  panto,  omni. 

physico  physio. 

pleni. 

penta. 

preter. 

post. 

proto. 

pro. 

per. 

pre. 

quad  tetra. 


Below,  under,  underneath. 

A  fish. 

Legal,  by  lawful  right. 

Near,  near  by,  next. 

A  dictionary. 

A  stone. 

One,  alone. 

Hatred,  (gr.  miseo  or  misos,  to  hate.) 

A  fable. 

A  change,  after,  beyond ,  according  to. 

Wrong  use,  misapplication,  error,  er- 
roneous. (From  mm,  to  err.) 

Evil,  bad. 

Many. 

A  hand. 

Not,  undoing,  depriving. 

Night. 

In  front,  before,  against,  towards,  in 
or  on,  in  the  way,  out. 

A  few. 

Above,  beyond,  excess. 

Beyond,  to  exceed. 

Eight. 

A  bone. 

Right  or  correct. 

A  fowl,  or  bird. 

A  friend  or  lover. 

Near,  under,  around. 

Against,  superior,  near,  similar/"'"'' 

All. 

Fire  or  heat. 

Nature,  pertaining  to  nature. 

Full. 

Five. 

Beyond,  past,  hence,  beside,  more. 

After. 

First. 

Fore,  forth,  forward,  out. 

Through,  by,  very,  (intensity.) 

Before,  (in  time  or  rank. ) 

Four. 


iO 


96 


re. 

retro. 

sub  sue  suf  sug  ) 

sup  subter  sus,    ) 

semi  hemi  demi. 

se. 

super  supra  sur. 

self. 

soli. 

sine. 

sym  syn  syl  sy. 

steno. 

stereo. 

theo. 

thermo. 

topo. 

typo. 

trans  ultra. 

tri. 

uni. 

under. 

with. 

zoo. 


Again,  repetition,  back,  return. 

Back,  backward. 

Under,  below,  after,  in  a  subordinate 
degree. 

One-half. 

Separation,  aside,  apart. 

Beyond,  above,  upon,  over  and  above. 

By  the  person  or  thing  alone. 

One,  alone. 

Without. 

In  connection  with,  together  with,  to. 

Brief,  strait,  short. 

Solid,  firm. 

God. 

Warmth. 

A  place,  tract,  or  region. 

A  mark,  letter  or  figure. 

Across,  beyond,  over,  a  change. 

Three. 

One. 

Beneath,  mferior,  subordinate. 

Opposition,  privation,  separation,  de- 
parture, place  where. 

An  animal  or  beast. 


Let  this  he  often  repeated. 

Give  the  meaning  of  the  primitive  alone,  then  join  its 
prefixes  and  define  it. 


im  omni  pleni. 
circum  inter  ad. 
cent  sept  dec     ) 
per  tri  sex  oct.  ) 
circum  col  sub. 

com  e  re  trans. 

re  com  pro. 
circum  subter    > 
super  inter  con.  > 
male  bene. 


Potent,  having  power. 
Jacent,  lying. 

Bi,ennial,  once  in  two  years. 

Ligation,  the  act  of  binding. 
Migrate,  removing  from  one  countr^r 

to  another. 
Ex,pel,  to  drive  out. 

Fluent,  a  flowing. 

Factor,  an  agent  or  door. 


3t 


mono  poly  ) 
pan  tri  a.    ) 
circum  super  sub. 
inter  dis  con. 
circum  abs  re  ex. 
sub  ab  de  e 
in  re  pro  con. 
geo  auto  bio   ) 
cosmo  biblio.  ) 
astro  hydro     j 
chrono  zoo.     { 

dis  en  un. 
col  e  re. 
dis  pre  re. 
re  en  dis. 
mis  ad  pre. 
ante  post  mis. 
preter  il. 
counter  mal. 
helio  geo  ec. 
in  mis. 
im  preter. 
con  ad. 
in  over, 
con  dis. 
af  pre  post, 
ultra  sub  trans. 
ad  con  dis  re. 
mis  pre  re. 
ante  post, 
multi  equi  bi 
tri  uni  mal. 
dis  tri  poly  mono, 
de  be  counter, 
pre  self  mis. 
en  disen. 
hcmi  semi  demi. 
CO  under. 
tedis. 


Theist,  one  who  believes  there  in  a 

God. 
In,scribe,  to  write  in  or  on. 
Seminate,  to  sow. 
In,cision,  a  cutting  into. 

Adject,  to  cast  at. 

Graphic,  Avriting  of,  or  describing. 

Logical,  pertaining  to  Logic. 

Able. 
Lapse. 
Possess. 
Close. 
Judge. 
Date. 
Legal. 
Practice. 
Centric. 
Correct. 
Perfect. 
Vocation. 
Elegant. 
Ac,  cord. 
'  Fix. 
Marine. 
Jom. 
Engage. 
Meridian. 

Form. 

Syllable.    "^  ■•;    ^'  '. 

Charm.  v 

Opinion. 

Tangle.  ■''■' 

Sphere.  •■'' 

Agent. 

Embark. 


3S 


SECTION  VII. 

Synopsis  of  Suffixes  modifying  the  significa^tion  of  more 
than  fifty  thousand  words. 

The  most  common  definition  is  given,  while  reference 
may  be  had  to  the  others,  as  occasion  shall  require. 


ahle  ible  ble. 

ableness  ibleness  ) 
ability  ibility.        ) 

ance  ancy    ) 
ence  ency.  \ 

ant  ent. 


"! 


ation  cation  ion 

tion  sion  ment 

ate. 

age. 

en  fy  fit  fie. 

er  or  an  ian  ix 

cian  ast  ess  ress 

ee  eer  ist  ite  ine 

san  zen. 

ar  ary  ard  ate 

ive  ster  ado  oso 

ar  ary  ic  al 

ical  ile  ine  ac 

tial  cial. 

hood. 

ile. 

ity  ty  cy. 

ive. 


ism. 
ize. 
ics. 

ish. 


That  maybe,  capable  of  being,  state. 
The  property  or  quality  that  may  be, 

or  capable  of  being.     Capacity 

or  state. 
The  state,  condition,  or  act  of,  the 

thing. 
(The  judicious  use  of)  ing^  or  the 

person,  or  thing. 
The   act   of,  or  state  of  being,  the 

thing. 
Having  the  quality  of,  to,  or  to  make. 
The  rank,   office,  state,  allowance. 
To  make,   made  of,  to  become. 

The  person  who,  (with  some  excep- 
tions.) 


>        (Occasionally,)  the  person,  or  thing, 

But  (generally)  pertaining  to,  relat- 
ing to,  belonging  to,  like. 

State,  condition,  office. 
That  may  be,  pertaining  to,  easily. 
State,  or  condition,  the  reality. 
Having  a  tendency  to,  the  power  or 

nature  of. 
Doctrine,  state,  peculiar  to,  science. 
To  make,  to  give,  to  assimilate. 
The  science,  doctrine,  art. 
Like,  some  degree  like,  somewhat^ 

national. 


39 


Without  or  destitute  of. 

A  little,  young. 

Like,  in  a  manner. 

Full  of,  full,  abundance. 

The  abstract  quality  of,  the  quality 

of,  state. 
Partaking  of,  full  of,  like,  consisting 

of. 
Producing,  causing. 
Resembling,  the  form  of. 
Containing,    tending   to,   nature  of, 

place. 
Jurisdiction  or  possession  (of  prince 

or  bishop.) 
Office,   state,  district. 
State  of  being,  state  of,  capacity. 
In  a   direction,   ( indicated  by  the 

primitive.) 
The  act,  art,  state,  or  thing. 
Art  or  practice,  place,  state,  posses- 
sion, or  thing. 
Possessing  a  degree  of,  somewhat, 

full  of. 
Did,  was.  ,;  n^ 

Continuing  (with  reference  to  time 

when.) 

Give  the  meaning  of  the  primitive  alone,  then  with  thn 
prefix  and  suffix  joined. 

Destine,  to  ordain  or  decree.       .    -?: 
pre.  Destin  ation  ed. 

Numerate,  to  number. 
in.  Numera  ble  bly^ 

Navigate,  to  sail.  ji 

circum  Naviga  ble  tion. 

Manage,  to  direct. 
mis.  Manage  ment. 

VOL  Manage  able  ably.  ,,, 

V  ,  Retrieve,  to  regain. 

ir<  Retriev  able,ness  ably  r^ciir^ 


less, 
ling  kin 
cle  ule. 

ful  ose. 
ness 

ous. 

ferous. 
oid. 

cry  tory  sory 

ric  dom. 

ship, 
tude  ude. 

ward. 

ure. 

ery  ry  y. 

some. 

ed. 

ing. 


•"•If 


40 

Separate,  to  divide, 
m.  Separa  bly  bleness. 

iti.  Separa  bility. 

Prompt,  ready* 
over.  Prompt  ness.  .>- 

Assess,  to  fix  a  tax. 
CO.  Assess  or. 

Plot,  to  contrive  a  plan, 
com.  Plot  ment  ter. 

Guide,  to  direct. 
mis.  Guid  ance  ing. 

Fertile,  fruitful. 
in.  Fertil  ity. 

Grace,  favor,  beauty,  virtue, 
dia.  Grace  ful,  ness. 

Reside,  to  dwell  permanently, 
non.  Resid  ent  ence. 

Camp,  to  fix  tents. 
de.  .  Camp  ment. 

Bold,  daring,  brave, 
cm.  Bold  en,  ed. 

Scar,  a  mark,  blemish. 
re.  Scari  fy. 

Dense,  thick,  compact, 
con.  Dens  ity  ation. 

Lacerate,  to  tear  or  rend. 
di.  Lacerat  ed  ion. 

Sign,  to  write  or  sign. 
as.  Sign  ee  or  ment.  , 

Line,  a  long  mark, 
inter.  Line  ation  ed. 

Republican, 
anti.  Republican  ism. 

Liberal,  free,  generous. 
il.  Liberal  ly  ity. 

Intimate,  to  be  familiar.* 
pre.  Intima  cy  tion. 

Press,  to  squeeze. 
ex*  Press  ure  ible.  s 

Inspect,  to  look  on,  or  view, 
roper.  ,     Inspect  ion. 


41 


SECTION  vm. 

Classification  of  Prefixes. 

In  the  subjoined  section  the  Prefixes  are  thus  arranged 
expressly  for  the  convenience  of  such  Teachers  as  maj 
wish  their  class  to  answer  m  concert. 


ambi,  both, 
bio,  life, 
chrono,  time, 
duo,  two. 
dia,  through, 
deca,  ten. 
hepta,  seven. 


omni,  all. 
octo,  eight, 
pleni,  full, 
penta,  five, 
proto,  first, 
pyro,  fire, 
tetra,  four. 


ante,  before, 
astro,  a  star, 
auto,  one's  self, 
amphi,  around, 
bene;  good,  well, 
chiro,  the  hand, 
choro,  some  place, 
cosmo,  the  World, 
contra,  against, 
circum,  around, 
extra,  beyond, 
equi,  equal, 
geo,  the  Earth, 
hydro,  water, 
hyper,  over, 
intro,  within, 
inter,  between, 
infra,  below, 
juxta,  near  to. 
juris,  legal, 
litho,  a  stone. 


uni,  one. 
Theo,  God. 
ad,  to. 
noct,  night, 
quod,  four, 
sex,  six. 
tri,  three. 

manu,  the  hand, 
meta,  a  change, 
multi,  many, 
poly,  many, 
post,  after, 
pre,  before, 
steno,  short, 
zoo,  a  beast, 
biblio,  a  book, 
helio,  the  sun. 
ichthyo,  a  fish, 
osteo,  a  bone, 
ornitho,  a  fowl, 
physico,  nature, 
stereo,  solid, 
mytho,  a  fable, 
entomo,  an  insect, 
lexico,  dictionary, 
genea,  lineage, 
homo,  same  kind, 
hetero,  different  kinds 


42 


epi ;  in,  or  on.  anti,  ant ;  against, 

soli,  alone.  bis,  bi ;  two  parts, 

mono  ;  one,  alone.  hexa,  hex  ;  six. 

ortho ;  right,  correct.  miso,  mis  ;  hatred, 

preter;  past,  beyond.  male,  mal ;  bad,  evil, 

super ;  over,  above.  philo,  phil ;  a  friend,  lover 

centu,  a  hundred.  panto,  pan  ;  all. 

counter,  opposite.  trans,  ultra  ;  a  cross, 

se,  separation.  apo,  aph;  from,  away  from, 

tjrpo  ;  type,  figure.  non,  ne,  un  ;  not. 
peri ;  near,  under,  about.        di,  dis  ;  separation,  not. 

ana;  again,  back.  ob;  in  front,  before, 
aristo,  the  Nobles. 

Afeio  Greek  com'pounds  analysed. 

Astronomy  is  composed  of  nomos,  a  law,  and  a^^roTi,  astar. 
Analysis  is  composed  of  lusis^  a  loosing,  ana,  again. 
Antipode  is  composed  of  anti,  opposite  to,  poiis,  a  foot. 
Anatomy  is  composed  of  tome,  cutting,  ana,  through. 
Bigamy  is  composed  of  hi,  two,  and  gamos,  a  marriage. 
Chronology :  logos,  a  word  or  discourse,  chronos,  time. 
Democracy  :  hratos,  the  power,  demos,  the  people. 
Euphony :  eu,  good  or  agreeable,  phonB,  sound. 
Epitaph  :  epi,  upon,  taphos,  a  tomb. 
Geography  :  grapho,  describing,  gi,  the  Earth. 
Hexagon :  hexa,  six,  gonia,  corner,  or  angle. 
Monarch :  arche,  a  chief,  monos,  alone. 
Oxygen  :  gennao,  to  produce,  oxUs,  acid. 
Philanthropy :  philos,  a  lover,  anthropos^  of  man. 
Polytechnics  :  poly,  many,  techni,  Art. 
Phrenology :  logos,  a  discoursing,  phr€n,  the  mind. 
Syllable  :  lambano,  taken,  sun,  together. 
Synthesis  :  titkemi,  to  put  or  place,  sUn,  together. 
Sympathy  :  pathos,  feeling  or  suffering,  sun,  with. 
Sarcophagus  :  phago^  to  eat,  sarx,  flesh. 
Thermometer :  metron,  a  measure,  and  thermos y  warmth. 
Telescope  :  skopeo,  to  spy,  telos,  the  end. 
Epidemic  :  epi,  upon,  demos,  the  people. 
Orthography :  grapho,  writing,  orthos  right. 
Apogee  :  apo,  from,  g^,  the  Earth. 
Aphelion :  a,  from,  helios,  the  sun. 


43  .      ' 

Hydraulics :  hiidor,  water,  dnd  aiibis,  a  pipe. 
Hydrophobia  :  pkobeo,  fear,  hudor^  water. 
Polyglot :  "poly^  many,  gloUa,  tongue  or  language. 
Asteroid  :  eidos,  like,  astro7t,  a  star. 
Archipelago:  arche^  chief,  peiagos^  sea. 
Amphibious :  amphi,  about  or  both,  bioSy  life. 
Prognostic  :  g7io'6,  to  know,  pro^  before. 
Diagonal :  dia,  through,  goiiia^  the  angle. 
Trigonometry :  netreoy  to  measure,  treisy  three,  gonia, 

angles. 
Isosceles :  isos^  equal,  skelos^  l^gs. 
Apostasy:  istemiy  to  stand,  apOy  from. 
Rhinoceros :  keraSy  a  horn,  rhiny  nose. 
Autocrat :  krafos,  power,  autosy  one's  self. 
Monk :  monoSy  one  alone. 
Polynesia :  pohiSy  many,  and  7iesoSy  an  isle. 

Afeiu  Latin  roots. 

Assume  :  mmoy  to  take,  aSy  to. 

Concur :  curroy  to  run,  coiiy  together. 

Devolve:  volvoy  to  roll,  de,  down. 

Export :  portOy  to  carry,  eXy  out. 

Interrupt :  nimpOy  to  break,  inter y  between. 

Manuscript :  scriboy  to  write,  vianuywiih.  the  hand. 

Propel :  pelloy  to  drive,  proy  forward. 


SECTION  IX. 
Gejiercd  Rules  for  forming  dericative  words. 

1.  When  the  primitive  word  ends  with  the  vowal  e, 
drop  that  vowel  before  ever}''  Suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel, 
except  aitSy  and  a  few  others. 

2.  When  the  letter  y  terminates  a  primitive,  or  occurs 
in  any  of  the  derivative  forms,  and  in  either  case,  other 
suffixes  are  added,  y  is  commonly  changed  into  e  or  z,  eX' 
cept  before  ing ;  as 

Comely,  ComehwcvA' ;  Duty,  Dutco?^*. 


44 

N.  B.  Betray  and  Buy,  with  a  few  other  words,  are 
exceptions. 

3.  "When  any  part  is  cut  off  from  the  epd  of  a  word  by 
an  inverted  comma,  each  suffix  which  is  preceded  by  a 
similar  inverted  comma,  must  take  the  place  of  that  part 
cut  off;  but  no  others  may;  as 

Legi^ble  ^bly  ability  ness. 
Now  fily,  is  to  take  the  place  of  fie,  and  forms  hegihly  ; 
and  fiility,  taking  the  same  place,  forms  hegibiliiy  ;  but 
ness,  not  being  preceded  by  the  inverted  comma,  is  added 
to  hie,  and  forms  Legible??e55. 

4.  Each  suffix  has  a  separate  union  with  its  primitive 
word  in  all  cases,  unless  a  single  comma  intervenes,  in 
which  case,  each  subsequent  suffix,  as  long  as  that  comma 
is  repeated,  is  united  with  the  first  of  those  two  suffixes 
where  the  single  comma  commenced. 

In  like  manner,  if  two  or  three  commas  are  used  to- 
gether, they  join  additional  suffixes  on  the  same  principles. 

Take  two  examples,  and  mark  the  application  of  the 
commas. 

Argue  ed  er  ing  ment,  al  able,  ation,  ative,,  ly.  Com- 
bined thus : 

Argue.  A.Tg\iment ,al  one  comma,  Rule  4. 

Argue^Z,  Rule  1.  Argument, able. 

Arguer.  Argument, ation. 

Aiguing.  Argument, ative. 

Argument,  excep.  Rule  1.  Argument, ative„ly  two  commas. 

Injur  ed  er  ing  y,  ous„  ly,,  ness.     Combined. 
Injure.  Injury. 

Injured?.  \x\]uri,ous,  one  comma,  and  y  changed  to  i. 

Inj  urer .  Inj  uri,(ms, ,  ly. 

\n]uring.  \n]uri,(ms„ness. 

5.  There  are  a  few  words,  generally  monosyllables, 
ending  with  a  single  consonant,  before  a  single  vowel, 
which  double  the  final  consonant  in  forming  their  deriva- 
tives. Thus  Abet,  makes  sibetted,  ohettor,  ahetting,  except 
eibetment.  So  clip,  clip^e^  ;  entrap,  entrapped  ;  fret,  fret- 
ted ;  plan,  plauTze^. 

6.  "When  ^  or  5  precedes  e  final,  in  such  words  as  admit 
Hon  or  sion,  e  is  dropped  and  the  suffix  is  ion ;  as. 

Legate)  LegateoTi;  Expanse,  Expanswn. 


k  -. 

7.  Most  words  etiding  in/y,  which  is  a  contraction  of 
facio  or  Jioy  after  changing  y  into  e,  take  cation  ;  as 

Dei/?/,  J)ei&.cation ;  Grati/y  Gx^iii^cation. 
Except  Stupefy,  with  few  others,  which  makes  Stupe/ac- 

8.  Many  words  of  Latin  origin  in  ate,  drop  te  before 
hie;  as 

Estimate,  Estimate ;  Agitate,  Kgiiahle. 
The  same  class  of  words  7wt  admitting  lie,  take  cy  in 
its  place ;  as 

Accurate,  Accuracz/ ;  Adequate,  Adequacy. 
cy,  is  common  to  words  in  ance  and  encc,  by  dropping  c 
final,  and  adding  y. 

9.  Words  which  take  ize,  as  a  suffix,  commonly  add 
ation;  as 

Civil,  CWilize,  GWiMzation. 
Some  others  take  ation,  without^  ize ; 

Sense,  Sensation ;  Exalt,  Exaltafeow. 


SECTION  X. 

A  brief  examination  as  to  the  regular  formation  of  deriva- 
tive word.s  in  general. 

Manage  ed  er  ing  ment  able,ness.     Rule  1  «&  4.  . 

C/Tzmanage  ed  able. 

Jlfzsmanage  ed  er  ing  ment. 

Navigat  ed  or  ing  ion  ble.     Rule  6  &  8. 

jRenavigate  ed  ing. 

CzVcwwnavigate  or  ion  ble.  . 

Assign  or  ee  ed  ing  ment  able  ation.     Rule  9. 

Accord  ed  er  ant  ance  able  ing,ly. 

Modify  ed  er  ing  able  cation.     Rule  7. 

Affirm  ed  er  ing  able  ably  ant  ance  ation  ative,ly. 
In  this  manner  a  very  numerous  class  of  our  primitive 
words  form  their  derivatives  from  a  single  root.     The  word 
"Press,  in  connection  with  its  prefixes,  has  no  less  than 
eighty-throe  derivatives  of  the  same  regular  formation. 


46 

But  there  is  another  class  of  words,  apparently,  in  view 
of  the  English  scholar,  either  arbitrary  or  irregular  in  their 
terminations,  which  are,  nevertheless,  equally  systematic, 
though  not  equally  simple  in  the  formation  of  their  deriva- 
tives. Such  are  more  especially  of  Latin  origin,  and  the 
apparent  irregularity  arises  from  a  formation  growing  out 
of  a  different  branch  of  the  same  root.  And  though  the 
English  scholar  may  not  exactly  comprehend  the  whole 
process,  yet  his  mind  will  in  part  be  relieved  from  the 
embarrassment.  Take,  for  example,  Adhesive.  He  will 
not  doubt  it  is  derived  from  Adhere,  whence  is,  ent,  ence, 
ency,  er.  These  are  regular.  Now  the  Latin  Adhereo 
makes  its  supine  Adhesum,  whence  according  to  sec.  3,  is 
tion  or  sion  as  the  supine  is  turn  or  sum.  Hence  from  this 
branch  of  the  same  original  root,  Adhesum  forms  Adhes- 
2072,  Adheszve,  Adheszre/?/,  KAhesiveness ;  as  regularly  as 
the  first  formations  are.  Accede  is  of  the  same  order,  and 
forms  accede  ed  ing.  Then  from  Accessum,  sec.  3,  comes 
Access207«,  and  forms  Access^ion  al  jary,ness  ^ory,ness,al,ly ; 
all  regular  formations.     Rule  3. 

Intelligence,  Intellect  and  Intellectualist,  are  of  the  same 
order.  From  the  Latin  participle  hitelligens^  comes  In- 
tellig^ewce  er  ed  ing  ^ent  jible,ness  ,ibility  ^ibly.     Rule  3. 

Now,  from  the  Latin  perfect  participle  Intellectus^  comes 
Intellect,  whence  Intellect^ion  ^ive.  Next  the  Latin  supine 
Intellectu^  whence  is  derived  IntellectuffZ  ist  ity  ly. 

In  such  words  as  explain,  expect,  fatigue,  &c.,  we  arrive 
at  a,  in  expectation,  explana^eow,  fatigation,  &c.,  through 
the  medium  of  the  Latin  participles  explanatus,  expecta- 
tus,  and  fatigatus ;  but  in  some  other  words,  such  as  grade, 
a  comes  direct  through  the  medium  of  the  noun  gradatio. 
Gradus  forms  gradu,  whence  we  derive  graduaZ  ity  ly  ate, 
ed,  ing,  ion,  or. 

Words  of  Latin  origin  in  hie,  seem,  either  from  accident 
or  otherwise,  to  have  the  simple  addition  of  hlcXo  the  imp. 
mode,  first  conj.,  second  person,  singular,  as  Naviga  &Ze, 
Numera  hie,  Demonstra  hie,  Predica  hie,  Administra  hie, 
&c.,  and  in  general  the  spelling  ahle  or  ihle  is  governed  by 
the  Latin  conjugations.  The  first  makes  ahle  or  hie,  all 
the  others  ihle;  as  InterminaJ/e,  Impregnate,  LegiWc, 
Audi^Ze,  S«nsi6Ze. 


47 

Method,  Metaphor,  Meteor  and  the  like,  are  regular  for- 
mations ;  as  Method  ism  ize  ic,al„ly  ist,ic„al ;  except  when 
a  primitive  taking  ize  ends  with  a  vowel,  t  is  added;  as 
Stigma,ifzze,  Dogma, i^ize. 

Form^  makes  Form  al,ism,ist,ity,ize,ly  ed  er  ing  ful  less  ; 
SLYid  formatio,  makes  forma,tion  ^tive. 

The  suffixes  rms^  7iess,  less,  ful,  ish,  istn,  age,  en,  ure,  can 
hardly  be  mistaken  ;  as  Glory,  Gloiious  ;  Good,  Goodiuess  ; 
Life,  hiieless ;  Play,  VX^yful ;  Sweet,  SweetwA  ;  Tory, 
Toryzsm;  Parent,  Parentage;  Soft,  SofteTz;  Fail,  Fail- 
ure. In  some  cases  ure  is  less  obvious ;  as  Tenure,  from 
Teneo. 

In  this  work,  the  root  and  each  branch  whence  all  the 
derivatives  arise,  will  be  given,  so  far  as  the  Latin  is  con- 
cerned. So  that  each  primitive  word  may  be  carried  out 
through  all  its  derivative  forms,  or  traced  back  to  its  simple 
root,  and  discover  how  the  primitive  signification  has  been 
expanded  into  such  a  variety  of  figurative  applications. 

On  examination  of  something  like  seven  hundred  and 
thirty  words,  whose  suffixes  are  carried  out  in  tkis  hook, 
giving  at  least  ten  thousand  derivatives,  the  regularity  of 
formation  will  be  still  more  obvious. 

This  fact  also,  if  duly  regarded  by  teachers,  will  enable 
them  to  perfect  their  pupils  in  the  correct  orthography  of 
derivative  words,  with  far  greater  facility,  and  a  far  less 
tax  on  memory.  To  accomplish  this,  it  is  only  necessary 
to  LEA.RN  DISTINCTLY,  the  TRUE  Spelling  of  the  several 
SUFFIXES  in  their  separate  state  ;  which  may  be  done 
almost  at  a  single  lesson.  The  spelling  of  the  simple 
primitive  can  hardly  be  missed ;  to  which  the  joining  of 
the  several  suffixes,  completes  the  derivative  word  under 
most  of  its  forms.  It  is  true,  there  are  many  exceptions ; 
but  it  is  equally  true  there  are  not  less  than  thirty 
thousand  words,  whose  spelling,  as  to  their  suffixes,  is 
the  same,  letter  for  letter. 


48 


SECTION  XL 

Special  Rules  for  the  Prefixes,  which  must  he  distinctly 
understood,  loth  by  the  Teacher  and  the  Student. 

Many  words,  so  far  as  respects  the  English  Language, 
are  primitives ;  yet  in  that  language  from  which  they  are 
derived,  they  are  either  compound,  or  derivitave  words. 
Such,  especially,  are  words  of  Greek  and  Latin  origin. 
For  example.  Abscond,  so  far  as  our  language  alone  is  con- 
cerned, is  a  primitive  word,  because  we  have  no  such 
English  word  as  scond.  But  in  the  Latin,  from  which  it 
is  derived,  the  word  is  a  compound,  from  the  prepositions 
abs,  con  and  do.  Also  Adcerl,  in  English,  is  primitive,  but 
in  Latin,  from  which  it  is  derived,  it  is  compounded  of  ad, 
meaning  to,  and  Verto,  to  turn.  Hence  Advert  signifies 
to  turn  to.  Suppose  the  word  to  stand  thus :  a  re  Ad,vert. 
Now  take  away  ad  and  substitute  a,  which  is  another  Latin 
preposition,  and  it  becomes  ^,vert,  and  literally  means  to 
turn  away.  Again  drop  a  and  substitute  re  in  its  place, 
and  it  becomes  i?e,vert,  signifying  to  turn  back.  Hence 
it  must  not  be  forgotten  by  the  student,  that  in  all  cases, 
when  one  prefix  is  to  be  dropped  and  another  substituted 
in  its  place,  the  primitive  word  will  be  printed  thus  :  Con,- 
vert,  AcjCord,  Ex, elude,  De,flect ;  and  that  part  of  the  word 
which  precedes  the  comma,  must  be  dropped,  when  an- 
other prefix  is  to  be  used. 

Example. 
at  dis  de  re  pro.     Con,tract,  to  draw  together. 

Now  drop  con,  and  substitute  pro,  and  it  becomes  Pro- 
tract, to  draw  out.  Again  drop  pro,  and  substitute  re,  and 
it  forms  jRetract,  to  draw  back.  In  the  same  manner  de, 
forms  Detract,  to  draw  away  from.  Also  dis,  makes  De- 
tract, to  draw  apart,  or  separate ;  and  at,  forms  AttiSLCt,  to 
draw  to,  or  unite. 

When  no  part  of  the  primitive  word  is  separated  by  a 
comma,  the  combination  is  simply  to  drop  one  prefix,  and 
join  another,  according  to  the  following 


49 

Example. 
ad  pre  mis  fore  re.        Judge. 

Now  re  combined,  makes  rejudge,  and  each  prefix  in 
its  turn,  forms  the  words  /orejudge,  Twwjudge,  prejudge 
and  adjudge. 

As  many  of  the  prefixes  combine  with  each  other,  the 
following  examples  will  show  the  manner  of  combining 
them  in  this  work.     Take  Inspect, 
un      un 

a    circum  de 

un       re  super 


mtro  per  pro    su 
dis  ir  un 


In,spect,  to  look  on  or  view. 


retro  re. 

Explained  thus  :  Each  prefix  under  the  horizontal  line, 
or  standing  alone,  unites  with  the  primitive  word,  in  the 
same  manner  as  in  Contract  and  Judge  ;  but  the  prefix  or 
prefixes  aJoue  the  horizontal  line,  unite  with  the  prefix  un" 
der  the  line,  while  that  prefix  remains  united  to  the  primi- 
tive. Thus,  Super  and  re  standing  above  the  line  in  con- 
nection with  /ti,  combine  with  it,  and  form  Swpfirinspect, 
and  reinspect ;  de  standing  alone  takes  the  place  of  In, 
and  forms  rfespection ;  circum,  under  the  line  makes  ceV- 
CMTwspect,  and  un  over  the  line,  forms  uncircumsi^ect.  In 
un 

the  same  manner    a    make     aspect    and    unaBipective ; 
un 

su,  form  sz^spect  and  unsuspecting ;  pro,  per^  intro,  and 

dis  ir  un 
retro  being  alone  combine  as  in  con,tract,  while        re 
make  respect,  (Zwrespect,   zVrespectire,   and  wnrespecterf. 

Take  another  example : 
fore  un  pre 

ad  pre.  Monition.  These  make  premonition  and 
a^imonition,  then  fore,  un,  and  pre,  above  the  line  over  a<f, 
form,/ore-a<?monition,  pre-a<f  monition,  and  un-adxaomsYitdL. 

If  these  directions  are  distinctly  understood,  and  duly 
observed^  there  can  be  no  mistake  in  thp  sinnlication  of  tlie 


prefixes.  Every  thing  depends  on  the  utmost  precision  in 
this  particular.  On  this  point,  the  Teacher  must  be  scru- 
pulously exact,  and  the  student  as  scrupulously  attentive. 
Another  point  to  be  observed  in  the  prefixes,  is  their  influ- 
ence on  the  primitive  word.  The  most  of  them  are  uniform 
in  their  distinctive  character  of  import,  while  a  few  are 
used  in  two  or  more  senses,  widely  different.  Such  are 
i?jiy  in,  iU  ir,  &c. 

These  prefixes,  more  generally,  when  united  to  verbs,  in- 
crease or  strengthen  the  original  meaning  of  the  primitive 
words ;  as  Im  press.  In  fold,  II  luminate,  Ir  radiate.  In 
each  case  additional  force  is  given  to  press,  fold,  luminate, 
and  radiate,  by  prefixing  im,  in,  il  and  ir.  But  w^hen  the 
same  prefixes  are  united  to  adjectives,  and  occasionally  to 
some  other  parts  of  speech,  they  entirely  reverse  or  change 
the  primitive  signification,  as  Im  possible.  In  sensible,  U 
legible,  Ir  rational.  Each  word  now  meaning  the  same  as 
not  possible,  not  sensible,  not  legible,  and  not  rational. 
Also  de,  e,  ex,  are  used,  sometimes  to  take  something  from 
the  primitive  word,  as  de  fame,  ez  onerate,  e  lapse,  which 
signify  to  deprive  of  fame,  to  free  from  load,  and  to  slide 
away.  And  the  same  prefixes  in  other  instances,  add 
more  or  less  to  the  primitive  import,  as  de  prave,  ex  cess, 
e  vince.  Now  let  it  be  remembered  in  the  case  of  all  such 
prefixes  as  above  named,  when  they  in  any  manner  add 
mare  force  to  the  signification,  or  merely  render  its  import 
more  emphatical,  such  prefix,  or  prefixes,  are  uniformly  in 
this  book,  printed  in  the  Italic  character,  and  in  no  other 
case.  For  example,  im  plant,  in  fold,  ir  radiate,  ex  tend, 
im  possible,  in  formal,  ir  religious,  ex  elude.  The  Italics 
only,  show  a  strengthened  signification.  This  simple  ar- 
rangement will  prevent  mistakes  in  the  teacher,  though 
not  a  classical  scholar  himself,  and  prevent  misapprehen- 
sion in  the  student. 

It  is  now  thought  the  Prefixes  have  been  explained  so 
clearly,  that  no  scholar  of  common  capacity,  who  wishes 
to  understand  and  apply  them  correctly,  need  mistake, 
although  he  may  not  be  under  the  care  of  any  teacher. 


% 


SECTION  XII. 

Manner  of  Defining, 

We  will  now  endeavor lo  explain,  in  a  familiar  way,  the 
manner  of  defining  words  by  their  prefixes  and  suffixes. 
And  it  is  simply  to  speak  out  the  primitive  signification  in 
connection  with  the  separate  import  of  such  prefijces  and 
suffixes  as  constitute  the  whole  word.  Take  Jlame,  which 
is  the  primitive,  and  means ^re.  Now  in,  as  a  prefix,  makes 
/^zflame,  and  increases  the  import  of,  the  primitive  word, 
and  literally  means  to  put  fire  in,  or  to  set  on  fire.  Again, 
Inhsimmable — able,  means  capable  of,  or  capable  of  being ; 
hence  join  capable  of  being,  to  the  meaning  of  in  and 
flame,  and  the  whole  spoken  out  is,  capable  of  being  set  on 
fire.  Now  let  it  stand  InRa.mmabiUty,  and  ability  means 
the  quality  capable  of  being.  This  expression  joined  in 
like  manner  to  what  In/lame  means,  it  will  be  /wflamm- 
ability,  the  quality  capable  of  being  set  on  fire.  Next  add 
the  second  prefix  and  let  it  be  uninAammable,  and  speak 
out  the  meaning  of  U7i  with  what  In^annmable  means,  and 
the  whole  expression  will  be  UninAdimmable,  not  capable 
of  being  set  on  fire.  Again,  take  Unin{[a.mmableness ; 
ableness  means  the  property  capable  of  being.  Now  pro- 
nounce the  whole  import,  and  tJninf[amm.ableness  literally 
signifies  the  property  nnt  capable  of  being  set  on  fire. 
Take  Delude,  signifying  to  deceive,  and  it  forms. 

Deluder,  the  person  who  deceives. 

Delvision,  the  act  of  deceiving. 

Dehisive,  tending  to  deceive. 

Redeem  signifies  to  ransom,  ir  means  not,  and  able^ 
capable  of  being.  Then  7rredeema^>Ze  means  not  capable 
of  being  ransomed. 

Join  is  a  primitive  word,  and  signifies  to  unite.  Let  it 
stand  thus  with  its  prefixes. 

re  un 
ad    con    re  un  dis  sub  mis  se  inter.     Join. 

ad  means  to  ;  con,  with,  together  with ;  re,  again ;  w«, 
not;  dis,  parting;  mis,  wrong;  se,  separation;  suh^  under; 


inter,  between.  Then,  Ad']om,  is  joining  to.  Cowjunctzow, 
is  the  act  of  joining  with.  Reconiunction,  the  act  of  joining 
with  again.  Unco?iio'med,  not  joined  with  or  together.  Re- 
joined, was  joined  again.  Unjoined,  waiS  not  joined.  Dis- 
join, parting  what  was  joined.  Sw/>join,  to  join  under. 
Misjoin,  to  join  wrong.  Sejoinei,  separated.  Interjoin- 
ing,  continuing  to  join  between. 

Hope  implies  expectation,  then  Hope/wZ,  full  of  expecta- 
tion.    Hope/ew,  without  hope  or  expectation. 

Blue  is  a  peculiar  color ;  isk  means  a  quality  in  some 
degree  like.  Hence  Bluish,  somewhat  blue.  BrownwA, 
somcvjhat  brown. 

Prison  is  a  place  for  confinement,  /^prison,  to  put  in 
a  place  of  confinement.  Im^visonment,  the  act  of  putting 
in  a  place  of  confinement. 

Mandate  expresses  a  command.  Mandatory,  containing 
a  command. 

The  primitive  word  must  in  all  cases  be  learned,  then 
speak  out  this  primitive  signification  in  connection  with 
what  all  its  com.ponent  parts  mean,  and  you  have  the  pre- 
cise and  definite  import  of  the  entire  word.  A  little  care- 
ful exercise  will  render  it  perfectly  familiar,  and  give  the 
student  an  entire  and  ready  command  of  language,  and 
an  instantaneous  mental  perception  of  the  true  import  of 
words,  written  or  spoken.  If  he  reads  or  hears  Navigate, 
or  navigator,  navigation,  navigable ;  Renavigate,  renavi- 
gated ;  Circumnavigate,  circumnavigation,  the  sound  can 
no  sooner  fall  on  the  ear  than  the  mind  will  perceive  tne 
different  import  of  each  word.  The  same  must  unavoida- 
bly be  true  in  relation  to  every  derivative  word  whose  pri- 
mitive, prefixes  and  suffixes  are  separately  known. 


53 


SECTION  XIII. 


Press 


Press  er 
Press  ure 
Press  ed 
Press  ing 


Press  ion 
Press  ing  ly 
Over  press 
Counter  press  ure 
Com  press 
Com  press  ed 
Com  press  ion 
Com  press  ing 
Com  press  ible 
Com  press  ure 
Com  press  ibil  ity 


Com  press  ible  ness 

Un  com  press  ed 
Un  com  press  ible 
In    com  press  ibil  ity 

Re  press 

Re  press  ed  ^ 
Re  press  ion 
Re  press  ive 
Re  press  ing 
Re  press  er 
Re  press  ive  ly 
It  re  press  ible 


An  Entire  Example. 


a  primitive  word.     To  press  or  urge 

by  weight ;  from  Premo,  pres* 

sum,  to  press. 
the  person  who  presses.  **" 

the  result  of  pressing, 
did  press,  or  was  pressed.  ■"" 

continuing  to  press,  with  reference  U 

time  when, 
the  act  of  pressing, 
in  a  pressing  manner, 
to  press  too  much, 
opposite  pressure, 
to  press  together, 
was  pressed  together, 
the  act  of  pressing  together, 
continuing  to  press  together, 
capable  of  being  pressed  together, 
the  result  of  being  pressed  together, 
the  quality  capable  of  being  pressed 

together,  or  the  capacity, 
the  property  or  quality  capable  of 

being  pressed  together, 
was  not  pressed  together, 
not  capable  of  being  pressed  together, 
the    quality   not   capable   of    being 

pressed  together, 
to  press  again,  put  down,  subdue,  or 

quell, 
was  pressed  again,  or,  &c. 
the  act  of  pressing  again,  &c.  ^l 

tending  to  press  again,  &c.  aTI 

continuing  to  press  again,  &c. 
the  person  who  presses  again,  &c. 
in  a  repressive  manner, 
not  capable  of  being  pressed  again. 


De  press  to  press  down,  or  bear  down. 

De  press  ed  was  pressed  down. 

De  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  down. 

De  press  or  the  person  w^ho  presses  down. 

De  press  ible  capable  of  being  pressed  down. 

De  press  ing  continuing  to  press  down. 

Ex  press  to  press  out,  or  utter  by  word?. 

Ex  press  ed  was  uttered  by  words,  or,  &c. 

Ex  press  ion  the  act  of  uttering  by  words,  &c. 

Ej  press  ible  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 

Ex  press  ive  tending  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

Ex  press  ing  continuing  to  utter  by  words. 

Ex  press  ly  in  an  express  manner. 

Ex  press  ive  ly  in  an  expressive  manner. 

Ex  press  ive  ness  the  property  or  quality  capable  of  be- 
ing uttered  by  words. 

In  ex  press  ible  not  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 

In  ex  press  ive  not  tending  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

In  ex  press  ibly  in  an  inexpressible  manner. 

In  ex  press  ibility  the  quality  not  capable  of  being  ut- 
tered by  words. 

Un  ex  press  ed  was  not  uttered  by  words. 

XJn  ex  press  ible  not  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 

Un  ex  press  ive  not  tending  to  express  by  words. 

Im  press  to  press  in,  or  imprint. 

Im  press  ed  was  pressed  in,  &c. 

Im  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  in. 

Im  press  ing  continuing  to  press  in,  &c. 

Im  press  ive  tending  to  press  in. 

Im  press  ure  the  result  of  pressing  in. 

Im  press  ible  capable  of  being  pre'ssed  in. 

Im  press  ment  the  act  of  pressing  in. 

Im  press  ive  ly  in  an  impressive  manner. 
Im  press  ive  ness  the  property  capable  of  being  pressed 

in,  or  capacity,  &c. 

Im  press  ibil  ity  the  quality  capable  of  being  pressed  in. 

Re  im  press  to  press  in  again,  &c. 

Re  im  press  ed  was  pressed  in  again. 

Re  im  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  in  again. 

Re  im  press  ing  continuing  to  press  in  again. 

Un  im  press  ive  not  tending  to  press  in. 


55 

Op  press  to  press  against,  to  bear  down* 

Op  press  ed  was  pressed  against,  or,  &c. 

Op  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  against,  &c. 

Op  press  or  the  person  who  presses  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ing  continuing  to  press  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ive  tending  to  press  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ive  ly  in  an  oppressive  manner. 

Op  press  ive  ness  the  quality  of  pressing  against,  &c. 

In  op  press  ive  not  tending  to  press  against,  &c. 

Sup  press  to  press  under,  or  to  bring  under. 

Sup  press  ed  was  pressed  under,  &c. 

Sup  press  ion  the  act  of  pressing  under. 

Sup  press  or  the  person  who  presses  under. 

Sup  press  ing  continuing  to  press  under. 

Sup  press  ive  tending  to  press  under. 

In  sup  press  ion  not  pressing  under.  ^ 

In  sup  press  ible  not  capable  of  being  pressed  under. 

Un  sup  press  ed  was  not  pressed  under. 


SECTION  XIV. 

This  first  exercise  is  designed  particularly  for  children 
in  common  schools,  presenting  the  simplest  arrangement 
in  forming  and  defining  derivative  words. 

All  the  prefixes  and  suffixes  are  printed  in  Italics^  so 
that  the  scholar  may  distinguish  them  by  the  eye  from 
the  primitive  word. 

Let  the  scholar  commence  by  spelling  and  defining 
MiXy  with  all  its  derivatives,  thus  : 

Mix,         to  mingle. 
Mixeci,     did  mingle  or  was  mingled. 
Mixer,      the  person  who  mingles. 
Mixing,  continuing  to  mingle  (at  a  certain  time.) 
{un  means  not:)  Unmued^  was  not 'mingled.    '     ' 


\ 


58 

Now  spell  each  of  the  following  words,  and  define  them 
in  the  same  manner  as  Mix^  carefully  observing,  by  the 
Italics^  what  parts  are  added  to  the  primitive  word,  and 
what  meaning  they  give  to  it.  Let  the  teacher  put  the 
questions  distinctly^  and  observe  that  the  scholar  has  a 
correct  understanding  of  the  process. 

Bake         Mark  Wish  Wash  Nail 

Bakerf       Marke^^  Wishe^f       Washe<^  Nailed 

Baker       Marker  Wisher       Washer  Nailer 

BakeTzo'    MarkzTz^  Wishw^    WashzTz^  Nailewj' 

Unbdiked^  Unm^xked^  Cfrnvishe^?,  Uwwashe^,  Tlnmiled. 

Now  carry  out  the  following  words  : 

Place,  Twist,  Tax,  Hate,  Tune,  Part,  Roll,  Help,  Vex. 

less.  Means  without  or  destitute  of.     Fruity  with 

r-         less  added,  forms  Fruit^e55,  and  means  without 
fruit,  or  destitute  of  fruit. 

Now  what  does  FormZew  mean,  and  house- 
less, lifeZess,  endZess,  hopeless,  fearZess,  graceZew, 
boundZess,  blameZesf,  faithZess,  tasteZess. 
ful.  Means  full  of  full  or  abundance.     Fruit  with 

ful  added,  forms  fruit/wZ,  and  means /wZZ  of  fruit 
or  abundance  of  fruit. 

What  do  the  following  words  mean?  Hope- 
fuly  feaxfulj  grace/z^Z,  blame/wZ,  pain/wZ,  care/wZ, 
play/wZ,  shame/wZ,  peace/wZ. 

Observe  how  ful  and  less  change  the  meaning 
of  the  word.     Guileful   is  full  of  guile ;   but 
guileZe55  is  without  guile. 
ish.  With  nouns   always   means  like.     With  ad- 

jectives it  means  somewhat ;  as  hoyish,  like  a 
.  .         boy  ;  greenzsA,  sornewhat  green. 
•""■'  Now  what   is   the   meaning    of   heathenz'5/%, 

wolfwA,  brownest,  brutzsA,  hhiish^  darkzsA,  fop- 
pish^  sottish,  sourish,  sweetish,  clownwA,  apwA, 
wsis^gish,  knavish  ? 
ly.  With  nouns  means  like.     With  adjectives  it 

means  somewhat ;  as  manZy,  like  a  man ;  sweet- 
hfy  somewhat  swQ^i. 


57 


Now  define  womanly,  king?y,  princeZy,  swift- 
ly,  speedi/y,   faintZy,  madZy,   roughZy,   gentle- 
manly. 
ncss.  Means  the  quality  ofy  or  the  abstract  quality 

of^  or  the  state. 

Sweet  with  ness  added,  forms  sweetwcsj,  and 
means  that  quality  found  in  sugar,  honey,  &c., 
or  the  abstract*  quality  of  any  thing  sweet, 
wherever  it  is  found. 

Goodiuess  means  the  quality  of  any  thing  that 
is  good. 

Now  define  coldnei-*,  softwe.'*,  greatTicss,  weak- 
nesSf  roughwew. 

Bloodiwe^^,  is  the  state  of  heing  hloody,  so 
bald7ics5,  hoarseness,  comeliwess,  plainness,  empti- 
ness. 


cr  or  ant 
ast  rix 
cian  ist 
ite  ine  ee 
eer  ess 
ress. 


These,  with  some  exceptions,  mean  the  per* 
'  son  who,  or  the  ageiit  which. 


Learn  with  er  added,  means  the  person  who 
learns.     Now  explain:  Instructor,  one  who  in- 
structs ;  Maker,  one  who  makes ;  Musiczaw,  owe 
skilled  in  music;  Auctioneer,  one  who  sells  at 
f  auction ;  Hearer,  Reader,  Actor,  Doer, 

ableible.     Means  capable  of,  capable  of  beings  or  that 
may  be. 

Pay  when  able  is  added,  makes  ipeLyable,  and 
means  capable  of  being  paid,  or  that  may  be 
paid. 

Now  define  taxable,  eatable,  moYable,  imitable, 
expressible,  quenchaZ^Ze,  punishable,  concealablet 
credible,  ma.tch.able,  hlaxaable. 


ability 
ableness 
ibility 
ibleness. 


These  mean  the  property  or  quality  capable 
'  of  being  ;  that  may  be  ;  capacity  or  state. 


'  Abitraet  means  irwvnfnm^  or  ttpartetBi/nm. 


Blame  with   allenei^   added,   mukes   Ham- . 
ahienesSf  and  means  tKe  quality  that  7;ia2/  he 
blamed. 

Flexibilityj  means  the  quality  that  may  be 
bent. 

Now  define   commendable7iesSj   Tesisiibilityy 
infi^mmablenesSj  divisibility ^  ^eneti'ability,  com- 
'piehensibility ;    inteWigiblenesSy    that    may    be 
understood. 
0U8.  Means  partaking  of,  consisting  of,  resembling 

ox  full  of. 

Slander  with  <7t«  added,   forms  slanderotts, 
and  means  partaking  of,  or  consisting  of  slan- 
der.    Tumultuow5  means /wZZ  of -tumult. 
*■'.''"'  Now  explain  tempestuoz^s,  necessitoz^^,  mur- 

"^       ^  ^    deroM5,   piteoz^5,  plenteo^^s,   riotoi^^,   hazardo?/^, 

resinew^s,  clamorous,  mischievoz^^. 
ire.  Means  haviiig  a  tendency  to,  the  power  o/*, 

nature  o/*,  &c. 

Effect  with  g't^e  added,  forms  effective,  and 
means  liaving  the  power  of  accomplishing 
something. 

Deceptere  means  having  a  tendency  to   de- 
ceive. 
'^^  '"'  Now  tell  the  meaning  of  restoratere,  deluszrc, 

expresseue,  operatere,  diffusztje,  convulsive,   op- 
pressfre,  preservative,  preventive. 
ion  ment.       Mean  the  act  o/*,  state  of  beings  place  or  thing. 
Abase  with  ment  added,  forms  abasewew^  and 
means  the  act  of  humbling,  or  state  of  being 
^"^^  humbled. 

^  Depre55  with  207Z  makes  depression;  <?e  means 

, ,   J.  •  -      down,  then  degression  is  the  act   of  pressing 

*  .^,*V'         down^  or  state  of  being  pressed  down. 

'^    "^  Now  explain  conceal/weTi^,    creatiow,   defile- 

menty  desertiaw,  formatioTz,  subjectioTz,  imprison- 

,,    ^  ment,    enforcement,    excitement,   congealwewt, 

discussion,  immersio?!,  consultation. 
ic  aL  Most  generally  means  pertaining  to,  or  like. 

Form  with   al  added    makes   formal,   and 
**       memis. pertaining  to  fwift,  «r  according  to  fonn. 


59 

Hero2C,  is  like  a  hero,  or  pertaining  to  a  hero. 

Now  define  nationaZ,  devotionaZ,  metaphorec, 
poetzc,    deistzca^,    alphabetic,    angeh'caZ,    mag- 
netec.  parentaZ. 
ize.  Signifies  to  do,  to  iriake^  to  perform^  to  give^ 

or  assimilate. 

Legal  with  ize  added,  forms  LegaXize,  and 
signifies  to  make  lawful ;  Authorize,  to  give 
authority  to. 

Now   explain   equaU'ze,    brutalz2:e,    civih'ze, 
moraleze,  realize,  humanzze,  fertilize,  modern- 
ize. 
ism.  Means  'priiiciplesy  state,  or  what  is  peculiar 

to.* 

Method  with  isvi  added,  forms  methodisw, 
and  means  the  principles  or  doctrines  of  Metho- 
dists. 

Anglicw?7i  is  what  is  peculiar  to  the  English 
idiom. 

Naturali57?i  is  the  mere  state  of  nature. 

What  is  Jesuitism,  catholicww,  republican- 
ism,   YajidaMsm,   presbyterianw^w,   puritant5»i, 
sectarianis?7i,  federahm,  patriotism  .^ 
en  f)^  en  with  nouns  means  rnade  of,  with  adjec- 

tives,  to  make;    as  woode^z,   made  of  wood; 
sharpeTi,  to  make  sharp,    fy  means  to  make. 

Happy,  {y  changed  toi  and /y  added,)  makes 
happi/y,  and  means  to  make  happy. 

Now  define  deepew,  lighten,  widew,  weakew, 
flaxew,  woolew,  hempew,  silkcTz,  earthew  ;  forti/y, 
to  make  strong ;  puri/y,  to  make  pure ;  stupe/y,  to 
make  stupid ;  justi/y,  to  make  just ;  moUi/y,  to 
make  soft ;  falsi/y. 
ity  cy  ty.        Mean  the  state,  condition,  or  state  of. 

Obdurate  makes  obduracy,  the  state  of  being 
hard  of  heart,  or  unfeeling.  Humility,  the 
state  of  being  humble. 

Now  what  is  supremacy,  delicacy,  intricacy, 
solidify,  fertility,  stupidity,  hostility,  tranquil' 
ity. 
hood.  Means  the  state  of  or  cffiot* 


60 

Child  with  hood  added,  means  the  state  of  a 
child. 

Fiiesthood  is  the  ojice  of  a  priest. 

What  is  hojhood,  manhood,  knighthood  ? 
ship.  Means  state  or  ojice.     What  is  professorsAzp, 

consulship,  partner^Aep,  relation5A2p,  legislator- 
ship. 
ance  ancy  )    Mean  the  state,  condition,  act  of,  or  thing. 
ence  ency.  )  {ing  will  aid  in  giving  the  meaning.) 

Depend  means  tb  hang  down,  (literally,)  and 
ence  added  forms  depende^ice,  and  means  the 
state  of  hanging  down  from  some  supporter. 

Performance  is  the  act  of  doing  something, 
or  the  thing  done.  • 

Now  define  ignorance,  allowa?zce,  occmpancyy 
deficiency,  concurreTzce,    despondewci/,  solyency, 
leliance. 
ant  ent.  Either  mean  a  person,  or  express  acting  or 

doings  in  some  sense,  like  words  ending  with 
ing. 

Preside  forms  president,  the  person  presid- 
ing. 

Defendant  is  a  person  defending.  Refulgewf 
is  shining. 

What  is  assailaw?,  accountaw^,  combatflwf, 
disputeiTi^,  student,  adhereTz?,  absorbent,  apparcwf , 
expectant,  abhorreTif,  indulgew^  emergen?  ? 


61 

SECTION  XV. 

Second  Exercise. 

Suffixes  subjoined  to  different  words  in  classes,  as  an 
exercise  for  children,  where  repetition  will  strengthen  the 
memory  and  render  the  mode  of  defining  familiar.     To  be 
often  repeated, 
ful.  Full  of,  full,  an  abundance. 

fully.  In  a manner. 

fullness.  The  quality  of  being  full  of,  or  state, 

less.  Without,  or  destitute  of. 

lessly.  In  a manner. 

lessness.  The  quality  or  state  of  being  without. 

Now  apply  the  above  definitions  to  the  following  Words 
and  observe  the  commas : 

Faith  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness.     Rule  4.   • 

Health  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 

Pity  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness.     Rule  2.  y  changed  to  i. 

Hope  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 

Mercy  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness.  Rule  2.  y  changed  to  i. 

Art  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 

Care  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 
,  Need  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 

Fear  ful,ly,ness  less,iy,ness. 

Shame  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 

Respect  ful,ly,ness  less,iy,ness. 
ish.  Like,  or  somewhat. 

ishly.  In  a manner. 

ishness.  The  quality  in  some  degree  like. 

Define  the  primitive,  then  join  each  suffix,  and  define 
the  whole. 

Fool  ish,ly,ness.  White  ish,ness. 

Heathen  ish,ly,ness.  Faint  ish,ness. 

Slave  ish,lv,ness.  Sour  ish,ness. 

Knave  ish,ly,ness.  Coarse  ish,ness. 

Brute  ish,ly,ness.  Moist  ish,ness. 

Child  ish,ly,neew.  Dusk  ish,ness. 


62 


ing.  Continuing  to,  (referring  to  the  time  when.) 

ingly.  In  a manner. 

ingness.  The  quality  of  being. 

Example. 

LovingZy,  in  a  (loving)  man-     Lasting^zess,  the  quality  of 

ner.  being  durable. 

n«: —  :^_i„  Admire  ing,ly.  t^_-.i_^  :„ 

Despair  ing,ly- 

Enchant  ing,iy. 

Pine  ingjly. 

Know  ing,ly. 


Grieve  ing,ly 
Frown  ing,ly. 
Surprise  ing,ly. 
Loathe  ing,ly. 
Charm  ing,ly. 


Doubt  ing,ly. 
Fawn  ing,ly. 
Agonize  ing,ly. 
Love  ing,ly. 
Last  ingjly. 


ic. 
al. 
ical. 
ically. 

Deist  ic,al,,ly. 
Drama  tic,al„ly. 
Druid  ic,al„ly. 
Mechanic  al,ly. 

able  ) 
ible.  \ 
ably 
ibly. 

ableness  ) 
ibleness.  ) 


Pertaining  to,  relating  to,  like. 
In  a  - 


manner. 


Democrat  ic,al,,ly.  Method  ic,al,,ly. 
Poet  ic,al,,ly.  Metaphor  ic,al,,ly. 


Angel  ic,al„ly. 
Atheist  ic,al„ly. 

That  may  be,  &c. 
In  a manner. 


Alphabet  ic,al,,ly. 
Magnet  ic,al,,ly. 


The  property  or  quality  that  may  be,  &c. 


Move  able,ness  ably. 
Change  able,ness  ably. 
Censure  able,ness  ably. 
Charge  able,ness  ably. 
Adore  able,ness  ably. 
Tame  able,ness. 

ive. 

ively. 

iveness. 


.f«t>Ji.4***- 


Corrupt  ible,ness  ibly. 
Demonstrate  ble,ness  bly. 
Desire  able  ably. 
Honor  able,ness  ably. 
Blame  able,ness  ably. 
Commend  able,ness  ably. 

Tending  to,  the  power  of,  or  the  nature  of. 

In  a  manner  tending  to,  or  in  a  — —  man- 
ner. 

The  quality  tending  to,  or  having  the 
power  of. 


«3 

Diffuse  ive,ly,ness.  Oppress  ive,ly,ness.       ^ ,.  j, 

Attract  ive,ly,ness.  Coerce  ive,ly. 

Repress  ive,ly,ness.  Prevent  ive,ly. 

ous.  Partaking  of,  like,  full  of. 

ously.  In  a manner. 

ousness.  The  quality  partaking  of,  like,  or  state 

Danger  ous,ly,ness.  Melody  ous,ly,ness. 

Injury  ous,ly,ness.  (Rule  2.)  Murder  ous,ly. 
Efficacy  ous,ly,ness.  Slander  ous,ly,ness. 

Perfidy  ous,ly,ness.  Plenty  ous,ly,ness.     Rule  ' 

Glory  ous,ly,ness.  Ruin  ous,ly,ness. 

ize.  To  do,  to  make  like,  to  perform,  or  assimilat 

ized.  Did  make,  &c.,  or  was. 

izing.  Continuing  to  make,  &c. 

ization.  The  act  of  making,  «fec. 

Heal  ize,ed,ing,ation.  Equalize  ed  ing  ation. 

Civil  ize,ed,ing,ation.  Colonize  ed  in§-  ation. 

Moral  ize,ed,ing,ation.  Naturalize  ed  ing  ation. 

Human  ize,ed,ing,ation.  Modern  ize,ed,ing,ation. 

ment.  The  act  of,  the  state  of  being,  or  thing 

Confine  ment.  Attain  ment. 

Advance  ment.  Acquire  ment. 

Enlarge  ment.  Enroll  ment. 

Abase  ment.  Infringe  ment. 

Retire  ment.  Allot  ment. 

Excite  ment.  *         Prefer  ment. 

^  To,  as  "Desolate^  to  destroy ;  or  the  quftii 

ty  of,  as  effeminate,  womamsA. 

ated.  Did  or  was. 

ation.  The  act  of,  &c. 

-,•„„  Continuing  to,   (with  reference  to  time 
*"^8^-  when.) 

atory.  Containing,  the  nature  of,  or  tending  to. 


Indicate,  to  point  out. 

Indicaiionj  the  act  of  pointing  out. 

Indicatory,  tending  to  point  out. 


64  * 

Accelerate  ed  ing  ion  ory.      Narrate  ed  ing  ion  ory. 
Obligate  ed  ing  ion  or\'.         Expostulate  ed  ing  ion  ory. 

i(Tlie  judicious  use  of)  ing,  or  the  person, 
ewif,  in  many  words,  has  a  very  similar 
import  to  a  present  participle, 
antly  ) 
ently.  $ 


ant 

ent 


In 


manner. 


Indulge  enty  is  yieldm^,  or  indulgew^. 
Indulgently,  in  a  yielding  manner. 
"Recumbent J  leanz'w^,  reclinew^. 
Defendant,  the  person  who  defends. 
Accordawi^,  agreeing  to,  or  with ;  accordm^. 
Confidew^,  truste?z^  with. 

Depend  ent.  Differ  ent.  Emerg  ent. 

Concur  rent.  Reside  ent.  Cohere  ent. 

Assist  ant.  Repent  ant.  Absorb  ent. 

Me  I  '^^^^  ^^y  ^®'  *^^- 

\'Vt      \  ''^^^  property  or  quality  that  may  be,  &c. 

Penetrate  ble  bility.  (Rule  8.)  Digest  ible  ibility. 
Change  able  ability.  Punish  able,ness. 

Compress  ible  ibility.  Attain  able,ness. 

Resist  ible  ibility.  Desire  able,ness. 

Accept  able  ability.  Detest  able,ness. 

Contract  ible  ibility.  Despise  able. 

ance  ancy  )        The  state,  condition,  or  result.     (Some- 
ence  ency.  )  times)  the  act  of,  or  thing. 

Accord  ance.  Cohere  ence  ency. 

Appear  ance.  Differ  ence. 

Disturb  ance.  Depend  ence  ency. 

Conform  ance.  Attend  ance. 

Achieve  ance.  Contrive  ance. 

Affirm  ance.  Perform  ance. 

ed.  Did  or  was. 

ediy.  In  a manner. 

edness.  The  quality  of  being,  or  state,  ^ 


6d 

Example, 


Guarded/y,   in  a  (guarded) 
manner. 


Conceited7ie55,  the  state  of 
being  conceited. 

Learnedly.  In  a  (learned)  manner. 

Reserve  ed,ly.  Remove  ed,ness. 

Guard  ed,ly,ness.  Impoverish  ed. 

Resolve  ed,ly,ness.  Invert  ed,ly. 

Confuse  ed,ly,ness.  Content  ed,ly,ness. 

Deform  ed,ly,ness.  Refine  ed,ly,ness. 

Conceit  ed,ly,ness.  Amaze  ed,ly,ness. 

al  is  a  very  common  suffix  after  ic ;  after  al  we  fre- 
quently have  ize,  ism,  ist,  ly,  ity,  or  some  of  them.  De- 
fine the  following : 

Democrat  ic,al,,ly.  Calvin  ism  ist,ic„al. 

Partial  ity  ist  ly  ize.  Magic  al,ly. 

Atheist  ic,al„ly.  Hypocrite  ic,al„ly. 

ly.  Like,  or  in  a manner. 

Imess.  The  quality  like,  or  state  of  being. 

Friend  ly,ness.  (Rule  2.)  Blind  ly  ness. 

Ghost  ly,ness.  Cross  ly  ness. 

Gentleman  ly,ness.  Kind  ly,ness.  Rule  2. 

Man  ly,ness.  Neat  ly  ness. 

Brother  ly.  Meek  ly  ness. 

ship.  The  office  of,  state  of,  or  territory. 

Professor  ship.  Consul  ship. 

Part  ner,ship.  -  Chancellor  ship. 
Relation  ship.  Town  ship. 

Scholar  ship.  Lord  ship. 

Words  ending  in  le  are  commonly  suffixed  with  ed,  er, 
ing,  or  some  of  them,  as 

Muffle  ed  er  ing.  Tipple  ed  er  ing. 

Swindle  ed  er  ing.  Mantle  ed  er  ing. 

Tattle  er  ing.  Ramble  ed  er  ing. 

Scuffle  ed  er  in^.  Scribble  ed  er  ing. 

Grumble  ed  er  ing.  Babble  er  ing. 


fy.  To  make, 

fied.  Did  or  was.     Rule  2. 

fier.  The  person  or  thing, 

fying.  Continuing  to,  &c. 

fication.  The  act  of,  &c.     Rule  7. 

en.  To  make,  or  made  of. 

ened.  Was  made,  &c. 

ening.  Continuing  to,  &c. 

ener.  The  person  or  thing,  &c. 

Justify  er  cation.  Sweet  en. 

Falsify  er  cation.  Fresh  en. 

Simplify  er  cation.  Deep  en. 

Purify  er  cation.  Hard  en. 

Nullify  er  cation.  White  en. 

some.  Possessing  a  degree  of,  or  somewhat. 

somely.  In  a* manner. 

someness.  The  quality  possessing  a  degree   of,  or 

state. 

Trouble  some,ly,ness.  Toil  some,ness. 

Delight  some,ly,ness.  Humor  some,ly. 

There  are  but  few  words  in  ion  to  which  additional  suf- 
fixes are  united,  and  those  commonly  of  the  following 
character: 

Nation  al,ly,ity,ize.  Question  er  ary  ist  less  able. 

Portion  ed  er  ing  ist.  Caution  ed  er  ing  ary. 

Passion  less  ate,ly.  Notion  al,ly. 

Action  ably  ary.  Faction  ary  ist. 

Pertaining  to,  the  nature  of,  power  of,  or 
°^*  place  where. 

orily.  In  a manner. 

winess.  The  quality  pertaining  to,  &c. 

Contradict  ory,ly,ness.  Observe  atory. 

Mandate  ory.  Deposit  ory. 

«m.  The  principles  of,  the  state  of,  or  peculiar  to. 

Pagan  ism.  Federal  ism.  Method  ism. 

Heathen  ism.  Republican  ism.       Tory  ism, 

Puritan  ism.  Patriot  ism. 


6%^ 


i7 


Relating  to,  pertaining  to. 


Aliment  ary. 
Testament  ary. 
Element  ary. 
Supplement  ary. 


MuscuZar. 

Consular. 
Circular. 
Globular. 


Moment  ary 
Planet  ary. 
Bigot  ry. 
Image  ry. 


cy 

ty 

ity, 


Equal  ity, 
Vital  ity. 
Moral  ity. 
Mortal  ity. 
Brutal  ity. 


These  imply  the  actual  state,  or  real  cori' 
ditioii;  or  the  quality  converted  into 
a  substance,  and  may  be  rendered  the 
state,  condition,  or  quality. 

is  a  state. 

Delicate  cy.* 
Intricate  cy. 
Obstinate  cy. 
Accurate  cy. 
Intimate  cy. 


Stupid  is  a  quality;  stupidity 

il  itv.  Fragil  ity. 

Ductile  ity 


Stupid  ity. 
Hostile  ity. 
Secure  ity. 


*  t«  is  dropped  before  cy,  Rule  8. 


6S 


SECTION  XVI. 

Third  Exercise. 

An  exercise  in  carrying  the  primitive  through  its  deriva 
tive  forms. 


Communicate :  to  impart. 

Compare :  to  liken  things. 

Compassion:  pity. 
Defense :  a  protection. 
Deject :  to  cast  down. 
Expect :  to  wait  for. 
Force :  to  compel. 

Govern :  to  rule  over. 

Honor :  to  reverence. 

Indicate  :  to  point  out. 
Instruct :  to  teach. 

Joy:  mirth. 

Know :  to  understand. 

Lax :  loose. 

Method :  a  way  or  manner. 


ed  ing  ion  ive,ness  ory  able, 

ness  bilit3^ 
ed  er  ing  ison  ative,ly  able 

ably, 
ary  ate,ly,ness  able, 
ed  less,ness  ive,ly  ible. 
ed,ly,ness  ing  ion. 
er  ing  ant  ance  ancy  ation. 
ed,ly,ness  ful,ly  less  ible,ness 

ibly  ing. 
ed  ing  or  ess  ant  ance  able 

ment,al. 
ed  er  ing  less  able,ness  ably 

ary. 
ed  ing  ion  ive,ly  or  ory. 
ed  ing  ion  ive,ry,ness  or  ress 

ible. 
ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness  ous.ly 

ness. 
er  ingjly  able, 
ly  ness  ity  ation  ative,ness. 
ic,al,,ly  ist,ic,,al  ism  ize. 
Narrate  :  to  tell  or  rehearse,  ed  ing  ion  ive,ly  or  ory  able. 


Obstruct :  to  block  up. 
Popul.ar:  Pertaining  to  the 

^    '  people. 

Quarrel :  to  contend. 
Recognize :  to  recollect. 
Remove :  to  change  place. 
Separate :  to  part. 

Sense :  feeling,  reason. 

Thought :  meditation. 


ed  er  ing  ion  ive. 

ly    ity    ize,ed,ing,ate,ed,ing, 

ion,ous,ly,ness. 
er  ing  ous  some,ly,ness. 
ed  ing  or  ee  ance  able. 
ed,ness  er  ing  al  able  ability, 
ed  ing  ly  ion  ness  ist  or  ory 

ble,ness  bility. 
ful  less,ly,ness  ation  ible,ness 

ibility  itive,ly. 
ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness. 


69 

Traduce :  to  vilify.  ed  er  ing,ly  ment  ent  ible. 

Use  :  to  occupy,  custom.       ed  ful,ly,ness  less,1y,ness  ance 

er  age,er  able  ual,ly,ness. 
Utter  :  to  speak.  ed  er  ing  ance  able. 

Vapor :  moisture,  elastic  fluid.  ate,ion  able  ability  ed  ize,ed, 

ing,ation  ous,ly,ness. 
Venerate :  to  reverence.         ed  ing  ion  or  ble,ness  bly  bility. 
Wake:  not  to  sleep.  ful,ly,ness  eringen,er,ing,ed. 

Yield :  to  give  up.  ed  er  ing,ly,ness  ance    able, 

ness. 
Yellow  :  a  color.  ness  ish,ness. 

Zeal :  engagedness.  less  ous,ly,ness  ot,ic„al. 

Zone  :  a  girdle.  ed  less  nar. 

Accuse  :  to  blame.  ed  er  ing  ant  able  ation  ative, 

ly  atory. 
Affirm  :  to  assert  positively,  ed  er  ing  able  ably  ant  ance 

ation  ative,ly. 

•n       tv  .  ^"  assemblage  of  )  ous,ly,ness  ful,ly,ness  less  fy, 

^  *       graces.  )  er,ing. 

•D       n.     an  act    of  kind-  )     ,  . 
Benefit :  ^    ,         j   ^  ed  maf. 

ness,  to  do  good.  )  *= 

Allow:  to  grant.  ed  er  ing  ance  able, ness  ably. 


Manner  of  discovering  Latin  Roots. 

When  the  English  word  is  derived  from  a  Latin  derivu" 
five,  the  prefix  to  the  Latin  root,  is  italicised^  or  the  root 
is  given  in  addition.  If  the  English  word  is  from  a  Latin 
noun,  participle  or  supine,  of  regular  formation,  nothing 
more  is  commonly  necessary  than  to  italicise  the  prefix, 
and  thus  show  the  primitive  ;  which  is  usually  done  in  the 
following  tables. 

For  example,  the  English  word  Inscribe,  is  from  the 
Latin  Jwscribo,  where  in  being  italicised,  leaves  scribo  un- 
italicised  as  the  root.  So  Obstruct,  is  from  OJstructum, 
where  ob  is  likewise  italicised,  leaving  structum  as  the 
regular  supine  from  struo,  its  root.  In  this  manner  Latin 
primitives  and  derivatives  may  generally  be  distinguished. 

As  this  work  is  specially  designed  to  aid  English  scho- 
law,  who  have  no  knowledge  of  the  classics,  and  con- 


70 

seqaently  could  not  trace  out  very  remote  derivations,  it 
was  thought  advisable  for  their  benefit,  to  accommodate  the 
arrangement  in  this  respect,  to  their  understandings,  by 
giving  those  words  whose  signification  is  greatly  expanded, 
under  difl!erent  heads,  or  repeating  the  root^  in  connection 
with  such  prefixes,  as  in  each  case  would  best  correspond 
with  the  several  primitive  meanings. 

For  example :  An,7wunce^  signifies  to  publish  or  declare 
to,  and  in  natural  connection  is  pronounce.  But  Re^nounce^ 
means  to  disown,  or  reject,  and  in  accordance  with  this,  is 
de^xxoMVLze  ;  yet  both  words  have  the  same  root.  Also 
/^struct,  to  teach,  Construct  to  translate,  structi^re,  a  build- 
ing, obstruct,  to  block  up,  and  c?estroy  to  pull  down,  are 
from  the  same  root:  struo^  to  build.  All  these  words  have 
corresponding  prefixes,  and  when  relatively  arranged  the 
whole  becomes  perfectly  intelligible  to  the  English 
scholar. 

The  scholar  must  remember  that  some  of  the  prefixes, 
and  especially  un,  rarely  combine  with  the  primitive  word 
till  it  has  assumed  some  of  its  derivative  forms  ;  as  Faith 
cannot  be  M?ifaith,  but  un^aiihful. 

A  little  observation  of  the  tables  where  all  the  suffixes 
are  carried  out  with  the  prefixes,  will  afford  the  best  guide 
on  this  point.  Re  ^x\dun,  are  prefixed  to  adjectives  and 
participles  almost  at  pleasure  ;  and  are  not  always  inserted 
in  this  work  where  they  might  be  used  with  propriety. 
All^  high  and  self^  like  prefixes,  are  extensively  used  in  com- 
position as  aZZ-araazed,   high-mindedy   5e//*-sufficient,  &c. 


SECTION  XVII. 

Fourth  Exercise, 

All  the  prefixes  used  in  this  exercise  mean  as  follows. 

un.  Means  Tiot  or  without.     ?7?ialarmed,  not 

alarmed  ;  or  it  means  undoings  as  un' 

braid,  to  separate  the  threads. 

mis.  Means  wrongs  as  ikfisbehave,  to  behave 

wrong, 
tub.  under  or  beneath,     Swiastral,  under  the 

start  or  beneath  the  stars. 


-     71 

Y^^^-    I  oTie-kalf.  Sem-diameter,  half  the  diaine-^ 

^^}    (    *  ter,  Hemi-sr)h.eTe.  Demi-wolf. 

semi.   )  »  1         » 

im  in.  notf  the  want  of,  or  without.  Jr/opulent,  not 

wealthy,  or  without  wealth.  IrrvgxO' 
per,  not  proper. 

ii  non.  not,  //legal  not  legal.    Tzow-emphatic,  not 

emphatic. 

inter.  between.     InterWnk^  to  link  between. 

ante.  before,     ^/z^e-meridian,  before  noon. 

post.  after.     Po5?-mcridian,  after  noon. 

CO.  in  connection  with.    Co-partner,  a  partner 

in  connection  with. 

re.  again  or  back.     Re-eoho,  to  echo  back. 

jRe-enjoy,  to  enjoy  again. 

out.  going  beyond.     Ow/-knave,  going  beyond 

in  knavery. 

self.  One's  own  person.     SeT/'-ne gleet,  neglect- 

ing one's  sdf. 

over.  too  much.     Ouer-noisy,  ?oo  much  noise. 

•n.  zw,  or  to  make.     jBwcircle,  to  circle  in. 

dis.  not  or  separating  from.     Dz^honest,  not 

honest.  Dz^member,  to  separate  a 
limb. 

Now  let  children  spell,  form  and  define,  all  the  words  in 
this  first  exercise,  till  the  whole  process  has  become  per- 
fectly familiar.  This  will  not  only  perfect  them  in  spelling 
and  defining  the  words  in  this  Section,  but  will  give  them 
a  general  view  of  the  radical  principles,  in  the  formation 
of  ALL  derivative  words,  not  merely  in  this\)Oo\i,  but  in  the 
whole  language,  and  by  proper  mental  discipline,  continued 
in  this  manner,  will,  unavoidably  ensure  clearness  of 
thought,  and  perspicuity  of  expression  for  life. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

f.  stands  for  French — sax.  for  Saxon — norm.  Norman — gr.  Greek— 
g.  German — d.  Dutch — ir.  Irish — it.  Italian — sp.  Spanish — w. 
Welch — dan.  Danish — goth.  Gothic.  The  Latin  words  are  given 
when  the  English  word  is  directly,  or  more  remotely  derived  from 
Latin.  When  two  or  more  Latin  words  are  given^  it  will  be  plainly 
perceivable  from  which  one  «ach  of  the  English  derivativei  is 
lormed.  « 


-  .  72  - 

un.       Abash.  To  make  the  spirits  to  fall,  to  make  ashamed, 

or  confused,     ed  ing  ment.     un  ed. 
re.        Accost,  f.  To  speak  to  first,  to  address  face  to  face, 

to  approach,     ed  ing  able. 
un.        Alarm,  f.  An  outcry,  giving  notice  of  danger,  to 

rouse  or  disturb  with   fear,     ed  ing,ly  ist 

un  ed. 
un.        Answer,  sax.  To  speak  in  return,  to  be  equivalent 

or  suitable  to,  to  reply.    It  has  many  senses. 

ed  er  ing  able,ness  ably,  un  ed  able,ness  ably. 
un.        Argue,  Arguo.     To  reason,  debate  or  dispute,  to 

prove  or  evince,     ed  er  ing  ment,al,able,- 

ation,ative,,ly.     un  ed.     Rule  4. 
un.        Arrest,  f.  To  take  a  person  with  a  warrant,  to  stop 

or  hinder,     ed  er  ing  ment  ationor.    z^Tzed. 
sub.      Astral,  gr.  Pertaining  to  the  stars,     sub, 
un.        Attire,  norm.  To  dress,  ornamental  clothes,    ed  er 

ing.    un  ed. 
un.        Bashful.  Having  a  downcast  look,  modest,    very 

modest,     ly  ness.     un, 
mis.      Behave,  gr.  To  act,  to  conduct  well  or  ill.    ed  ing 

ior.     mis  ed  ior. 
un.        Betray,  sax.  To  deliver  into  the  hands  of  another 

by  treachery,  to  disclose,  mislead  or  deceive. 

ed  er  ing.    un  ed.     Rule  2. 
un.       Blame,  f.  To  censure  or  find  fault  with,  a  crime  or 

fault,     ed  er  ing  ful  less,ly,ness  able, ness 

ably,    un  ed  able,ness  ably. 
un        Blend,  sax.  To  mix  or  mingle  together,     ed  er  ing. 

un  ed. 
un.       Bless,  sax.    To  express  a  wish  or  desire  to  make 

happy,  to  consecrate  or  set  apart,     er  ing 

ed,ly,ness.    un  ed. 
un.        Blunt,  sax.  Having  a  thick  edge  or  point,  abrupt, 

wanting  civility,     ed  ing  ly  ness.    un  ed. 
un.        Bribe,  ir.  A  reward  bestowed  or  offered,  to  pervert 

judgment,  that  which  seduces.  er,y.  un  ed 

able. 
un.       Brother,  sax.    A  human  male  bom  of  the  same 

parents,  any  one  closely  united,     ly  less 

hood,    un  ly. 


73 

un.        Chastise,  f.  To  punish,  to  correct,     ed  er  ing  able 

ment.  un  ed.     Castigo,  to  beat, 
en.        Circle,  Circulus.  A  curve  line  bending  round  till 

both  ends  meet,     ed  er  ing.     en  ed  ing. 
over.     Clamor,  Clamor.  A  great  outcry  or  noise.    ous,ly,« 

ness.    over  ous. 
un.        Clasp,  ir.  A  hook  for  fastening,  to  close  in  the  hand. 

ed  er  ing.     un  ing. 
un.        Clip,  sax.  To  cut  off  with  shears  or  scissors,  to  cur- 
tail, to  diminish,     ped  per  ping,     un  ped. 

Rule  5. 
un.       Coil,  f.  To  gather  as  a  line  or  cord  into  a  circular 

form,     ed  ing.    un  ed. 
un.       Comely,  sax.  Becoming,  suitable,  handsome,  grace- 
ful, decent,    ness.    un  ness.     Rule  2. 
un.        Concern,  f.  To  relate  or  belong  to,  to  interest  or 

disturb,  anxiety.  ed,ly  ing  ment.    W7»ed,ly,- 

ness.    Cerno,  to  see. 
un.       Contemn,  CoTztemno.  To  despise,  slight  or  reject 

with  disdain,    ed  er  ing.    un  ed. 
dis.       Continue,  Coniinuo.   To  remain  in  any  place,  to 

last  or  endure,  to  extend.     ed,ly  er  ing  ity 
;, .  ous    al,ly,ness  ance  ation  ator   ative,     dis 

ed  er  ing  ous  ity  ance  ation.      Teneo,  to 

hold. 
un.        Curb,  f.  Restraint,  check,  hindrance,  a  frame  round 

the  mouth  of  a  well,  to  restrain,     ed  ing. 

un  ed. 
semi.    Deist,  Deus.  One  who  believes  in  the  existence  or 

a  God,  but  denies  a  revelation.   ic,al.  semi 

ical.     De^ityjism. 
un.        Defy,  f.  To  dare  to  combat  or  strife,  to  challenge. 

ance  atory  er.     un  ed. 
un.        Defend.    ^  Defendo.  To  drive  back  or  repel,  to  vin- 

>  dicate,  to  fortify. 

self      Defense.  )  Defensum.  A  security  against  violence 

or  inj  ury.  ed  er  ing  ant  able,     un  ed.  ed  ible 

ive,ly  less,ness  ative.     self. 
un.       Delight,  f.  and  Delector.  A  high  degree  of  pleasure, 
■w»n  to  affect  with  pleasure,  ed  er  ful,ly,nes8  lesi 

some,ly,ness.    un  ed  ful. 


74 


un. 


un 


un. 


un 


re. 


un.        Deny,  f.  To  contradict,  refuse,  reject,  disown,  no: 
to  yield,    er  al  able,     un  able  ably. 

Deserve,  I)eservio.  To  merit,  to  be  worthy  of  either 
good  or  evil.  ed,ly  ing,ly  er.  un  ed,ly,ness 
ingjly.     Servus,  a  slave. 

Desire,  f.  An  emotion  of  the  mind  for  the  attain- 
ment of  some  object,  love,  appetite,  ed  re 
ing  ous,ly,ness  able,ness.     un  able. 

Despise.  To  contemn,  scorn  or  disdain,  to  have  the 
lowest  opinion  of.  ed,ness  ing,ly  er  al  able. 
nn  ed.  Despecio,  to  look  dovm, 
over.  Difficult,  Dzyficilis.  Hard  to  be  made  or  done,  at- 
tended with  difficulty,  not  easily  performed, 
y.    over,     Faciiis,  easy. 

Divulge,  Devulgo.  To  make  public,  to  disclose  or 
tell,  ed  er  ing.  un  ed.  Vulgus,  the  com- 
mon people. 

Double,  f.  To  fold,twice  the  sum,to  increase  twice  f  s 
much,  y  ed  er  ing  ness.  re  ed  ing.  Duo,  fW/O. 

Doubt,  f.     To  waver  in  opinion,    to  hesitate,   to 
question  or  fear,     ed  er  ing,ly  ful,ly,ness 
less,ly.    un  ed,ly  ing.     Dubitus,  doubtful. 
over.    Earnest,  sax.  Eager  to  obtain,  zealous,  serious,  first 
fruits,  a  reality,     ness  iy.     over. 

Echo,  Echo.  Sound  reflected  from  a  solid  body,  to 
resound,    ed  ing.    re  ed  ing. 

Elate,  jElatus.  Raised,  elevated  in  mind,  proud, 
haughty.  ed,ly  ing  or  ion.  U7i  ed,  Fero, 
latum,  to  carry y  or  bear. 

Embellish,  f.  To  adorn,  beautify  or  decorate,  to 
make  elegant,     ed  er  ing  ment.     un  ed. 

Embroider,  f.  To  border  with  ornamental  needle 
work,     ed  er  ing  y.     un  ed. 

Emanate,  jGmano.  To  issue  from  a  source,  to  flow 
from,  ing  ion  ive.  Mano,  to  flow  like  drops. 

EmphaSjis,  )  gr.  A  particular  stress  of  voice  given 
>  to  certain  words. 

Emphatic.   )      ^ize  al,ly.  non  al. 
Emulate,     .^mulor.    To   strive   to   equal  or   excel,    to 
vie   with,  to  rival,  ed  ing   ion  ive  ress  or 
JEmulus,  vying  with. 


un. 


re 


un 


un 


un. 


non. 


75 

un.  Endow,  norm.  To  furnish  with  a  portion  of  goods 
or  estate,  to  enrich  or  settle  on,  to  induft. 
ed  er  ing  ment.     un  ed. 

un.  Entertain,  f.  To  receive  and  treat  with  hospi- 
tality, to  lodge,  to  please  and  amuse,  ed 
er  ingjly  ment.  un  ed  ing,ness.  Teneo,  to 
hold. 

dis  Entrance,  f.  To  put  in  a  trance,  to  withdraw  the 
soul,  enraptured,     ed  ing.    dis  ed  ing. 

un.  Escort,  f.  A  guard,  a  body  of  armed  men  protecting 
something,     ed  ing.     un  ed. 

un.  Espy,  f.  To  see  at  a  distance,  to  discover,  un  ed. 
Specio,  to  look. 

CO.  Eternal,  ^ternus;  Without  beginning  or  end,  im- 
mortal, ist  ize  ly.  Etern  ity  ify  ize,ed,ing. 
CO  al. 

un.  Exempt,  f.  To  be  free  or  permit  to  be  free  from  any 
charge  or  burden,  to  free  by  privilege,  ed 
ing  ion.     un  ed.     Emo,  to  buy. 

un.  Expect,  JBxspecto,  expectatum.  To  wait  for,  to  look 
for  either  good  or  evil,  er  ing  ant  ancy  ance 
able  ation.  un  ed,ly,ness.  Specio,  to  see  or 
look. 
Expunge,  JSxpungo.  To  blot  out  as  with  a  pen,  to 
efface  or  erase,  ed  ing.  Pungo,  to  'prick  or 
sting. 

un.  Fade,  f.  To  lose  color,  to  decay,  lose  strength,  to 
vanish,    ed  ing,ness.    un  ed  ing,ness. 

un.  Fair,  sax.  Clear  from  spots,  beautiful,  frank,  honest 
plain,  ly  ness.  un  ly  ness. 

un.  Faith,  w.  Belief,  assent  of  the  mind,  trust,  con- 
fidence. ful,ly,ness  less,ness.  un  ful,ly,- 
ness.  Fides, /<zz7A. 

un.  Familiar,  Familiam.  Pertaining  to  a  family,  od- 
mestic,  easy  in  conversation,  intimate,  ity 
ize, ed, ing  ly.  un  ity.  Familia,  a  family, 

en.        Feeble,  sp.  Weak,  infirm,  sickly,  not  loud,  wanting, 
force,  ness  y.  en  ing  ment. 

semi.  Fluid,  Fluidus.  Any  substance  whose  parts  move 
easily  like  water,  ity  ness.  semi.  Fluo, 
to  flow. 


76 

un.  Forbear,  sax.  To  stop,  cease,  delay,  to  abstain  from, 
to  omit,     ance  er  ing.  un  ing. 

un.  Forfeit,  f.  To  lose  by  some  fault,  offence,  or  crime, 
ed  er  ing  ure  able,  un  ed. 

re.  Fund,  f.  Stock  or  capital,  money,  income,  abund- 
ance, re  ed  ing. 

un.  Furl,  f.  To  draw  up,  to  contract  as  sails,  ed  ing. 
U7i  ed  ing. 

un.  Generous,  Generosus.  Being  of  "honorable  birth, 
noble,  liberal,  bountiful,  ly  ness.  un  ly. 
Genus,  from  Gigno. 

un.  Genteel,  f.  Polite,  well  bred,  easy  in  manners  and 
behavior,  ly  ness.  un  ly.  Genus,  a  race 
or  kind. 

un.  Gentle,  Genus.  Well  born,  mild,  tame,  meek,  not 
violent.  man,1y  ness.  un  man,ly  ness. 

un.  Grant,  norm.  To  admit  as  true  what  is  not  proved, 
to  allow,  to  yield,  give  or  concede,  or  ed  ee 
ing  able,  un  ed. 

un.  Greet,  sax.  To  address  with  expressions  of  kind 
wishes,  to  salute,    ed  er  ing.   Gratus, /<zuor. 

in.  Gratitude,  Gratitudo.  An  emotion  of  the  heart  to- 
wards a  benefactor,  excited  by  a  favor. 
Gratus,  a  favor ^  grateful. 

un.  Hazard,  f.  Chance,  accident,  danger,  peril,  to  ex- 
pose to  chance,  ed  er  ing  ous,ly  able. 
un  ed. 

un.  Health,  from  heal.  That  state  in  which  all  the  parts 
of  a  living  body  are  sound.  ful,ly,nes8 
y,ness,ly  less,  un  ful,ness  y,ness,ly. 

un.  Heed,  sax.  To  mind,  to  regard  with  care,  caution, 
care,  ed  ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness.  .un  y  ed 
ing  ful. 

un.  Hesit^ate,  HaBsito.  To  stop  or  pause,  to  be  in  doubt 
or  suspense,  to  stammer.  ing,ly  ion  'ant 
,ancy.  u?i  ing,ly.     Heereo,  to  stick. 

dis.  Honest,  f.  and  Honor.  Upright,  j  ust,  fair  in  dealing, 
frank,  sincere,  ly  y.  dis  ly  y. 

un.  Hope,  sax.  A  desire  of  some  good  accompanied 
with  some  expectation.  To  desire,  ed  ful,- 
ly,ness  less,ly,ness  ingjly.    wnedful. 


77 

in.        Infest,  Infesto.  To  trouble  greatly,  to  disturb,  annoy 
or  harass,     ed  er  ing  ation.     un  ed. 
Infringe,  Infnngo.  To  break  as  a  contract,  to  vio^ 
late  or  transgress,     ed  er  ing  ment.     Fran- 
go,  to  break. 

un.  Injure,  f.  To  hiTrt  or  wound,  to  damage,  to  make 
worse,  ed  er  ing  y,ous,,ly,,ness.  un  ed. 
Jus,  right  or  legal. 

self.  Indulge,  J^zdulgeo.  To  permit  to  be,  to  suffer,  not 
to  check,  ed  er  ing  ence  ency  ent,ly.  self 
ence. 

un.  Insult,  7?zsultus.  The  act  of  leaping  on,  gross  abuse 
offered  to  another,  insolence,  ed  er  ing,ly. 
un  ed.     Salio,  to%ap. 

un.  Interrupt,  Ruptus,  a  breaking ;  Inter,  between.  To 
stop  or  hinder  by  breaking  in  upon,  to  im- 
pede motion.  ed,ly  er  ing  ion.  U7i  ed,l3'. 
Rumpo,  to  break. 
Invent,  f.  Invemo.  To  find  out  something  new,  to 
devise  or  contrive,     ed  er  ing  ion  ive  or. 

re.  Iterate,  Itero.  To  repeat,  to  utter  or  to  do  a  second 
time,  ed  ing  ion  ive.  un  ed.  Iterum,  again. 

over.     Jealous,  f.  Fearing  rivalship.     y  ly  ness.     over. 

CO.  Jur,or,  Jurator.  One  who  serves  on  a  jury.  ^ist.  co 
,or.     Jus,  legal. 

out.  Knave,  sax.  Originally  a  boy  or  servant,  now  used 
for  a  false,  deceitful,  dishonest  person,  ry 
ish,ly,ness.     out. 

un.  Lament,  Lamentor.  To  mourn  or  grieve,  to  be- 
wail, to  regret,  ed  er  ing  able,  ably  ation. 
un  ed. 

nris.  Lead,  sax.  To  guide  by  the  hand,  to  conduct,  or  go 
before,  to  induce,     er-  ing.     mis  er  ing. 

un.  Learn,  sax.  To  gain  knowledge  of,  to  acquire  skill, 
to  receive  intelligence.  ed,ly,ness  ing  er 
un  edjly. 

11.  Legi^ble,  Legibilis.  That  may  be  read,  that  may  be 
discovered,  ^bly  ness  ability,  il  ,ble  ,bility 
,bly.     Lego,  to  read  or  choose. 

mter.  Link,  dan.  A  single  ring  of  a  chain,  to  unite,  ed 
ing.     inter. 


78 

re.        Loan,  sax.  The  act  of  lending,  that  which  is  lent. 

ed  ing.     re  ed  ing. 
un.       Maim,  f.  To  deprive  of  the  use  of  a  limb,  to  injure, 

cripple,  or  disable,     ing  ed,ness.     un  ed. 
un.        Mean,  sax.  Wanting  dignity,  base  ;  also  the  mid- 
dle point ;  also  to  have  in  mind  or  intend. 

ing  ly  ness.     un  ing. 
dis.       Member,  Membrum.  A  limb  of  animal  bodies,  a 

clause  or  part  of  a  discourse,  an  individual 

of  community,     ed  ship,  dis  ed  ing  ment. 
ante.     Meridi^an,  f.  At  mid-day,  a  circle  in  the  heavens. 

,onal,ly.     ante. 
re.        Mold,  sax.     1.  Soft  earth.     2.  To   shape.     3.  To 

cover  with  mold,     ed  ing  able  y,ness  er,ing. 

un  ed. 
un.        Molest,  f..  To  trouble,  disturb  or  render  uneasy,  ed 

er  ing  ful  ation.     u?i  ed. 
un.       Muffle,  d.  To  cover  from  the  weather,  to  blindfold. 

ed  er  ing.     un. 
self.      Murder,  sax.  To  kill  a  human  being  unlawfully. 

ed  er  ess  ing  ous,ly.     u?i  ed. 
re.        Murmur,   Murmur.  A  low  sound,  to  complain,  to 

grumble,     er  ing,ly  ous.     un  ed  ing. 
Need,  sax.  Want,  necessity,  a  state  that  requires 

aid  or  relief,     ed  er  ful,ly  ing  y,ly,ness  less, 

ly,ness. 
self.      Neglect,  JVe^lectus.  To  omit  by  carelessness  or  de- 
sign, to  postpone,     ed  er  ful,ly  ing,ly  ion 

ive.     self.     JVec-lectus,  not  choosing. 
un.       Neighbor.  An  inhabitant  of  the  same  vicinity.     ly 

hood,     un  ly. 
un.       Notice,  Notitia.  Observation  by  any  of  the  senses, 

civility,   respect,   remark,     ed  ing.     un  ed. 

Nosco,  to  know. 
post.     Nuptial,  Nuptialis.    Pertaining  to  marriage,    'post. 

Nubo,  to  marry. 
un.        Nurture,  f.  To  feed,  nourish,  bring  up  or  educate; 

food  or  diet,     ed  ing.     mi  ed.     Nutrio,  to 

nurse. 
in.        Opul,ent,  Opulentus.  Wealthy,  rich,  affluent,     ly 

,ence.     in  ,ent. 


79 

un.  Pain,  sax.  An  uneasy  sensation,  labor,  toil,  to  dis- 
quiet. ful,ly,ness  ed.  un  ed  ful.  Pcena, 
'pain. 

im.  Palpa.ble,  f.  Perceptible  by  the  touch,  coarse,  plain, 
obvious,  ness jbly ability,  mobility.  Palpo, 
to  touch  or  feel. 

un.  Pardon,  f.  To  forgive  an  offence,  to  remit  a  penal- 
ty, forgiveness,  ed  er  ing  ably  able,ness. 
U7i  ed  ing  able  ably. 

im.       Perman^ent,  Pe?manens.  Durable,  lasting,  remain- 
ing unchanged.  ,ence  ^ency  ly.  im.  Maneo, 
to  abide. 
Pierce,  f.  To  penetrate,  to  thrust  a  way  into,  to  en- 
ter or  effect,     ed  er  ing,ly,ness  able. 

im.  Pious,  Pius.  Godly,  religious,  due  respect  for  pa- 
rents,    ly.     im  ly  ness. 

un.  Pity,  f.  The  feeling  excited  in  one  person  by  the 
distress  of  another,  sympathy,  having  tender 
feelings.  ful,ly,ness  ed  able,ness  less,ly, 
ness.     un  ed  ful,ly  ing. 

mter.  Pledge,  f.  Something  put  in  pawn,  a  surety,  to  de- 
posit,    ed  er  ee  ing.     inter. 

un.  Poet,  f.  and  Poeta.  The  author  of  a  poem,  one 
skilled  in  poetry,  ess  ize  ic,al„ly  ress  ry. 
un  ic,al,,ly. 

un.  Pollute,  Polluo.  To  defile  or  make  unclean,  to  pro- 
fane or  violate.  ed,ly,ness  er  ing  ion.  un  ed. 

un.  Prince,  f.  A  sovereign,  the  ruler  of  a  nation,  son 
of  a  king,     dom  like  ly,ness  ess.     un  ly. 

im.  Proba,ble,  Probabilis.  Likely,  having  more  evi- 
dence than  the  contrary,  that  may  be.  ,bly 
jbility.  Z77Z  ,bly  jbility.  Probo,  ^oj^roue;  from 
probus,  honest. 

un.  Profit,  f.  Any  gain  or  pecuniary  advantage,  to  im- 
prove, ed  ing  less  able, ness  ably,  un  ed 
able,ness  ably. 

im.  Proper,  Proprius.  Particularly  suited  to,  fit,  correct, 
just,  one's  own.  ly  ness.  imly.  Prope,  Tzear. 

un.  Provoke,  Provoco,  To  make  angry,  to  ofl!end,  to 
call  into  action,  cd  er  ing,ly  able,  un  ed 
ing.     Voco,  to  call. 


sr 

ti».       Prune.  To  lop  off  superfluous  branches,  to  dress  or 
trim,     ed  er  ing.     un  ed. 
Public,  Publicus.  Pertaining  to  a  nation,  common, 
open  to  common  use,  the  general  body  of  a 
,    <  nation,     ly  ity  ness, 

im.       Punish,  Punio.  To  affect  with  pain,  to  chastise,  to 
4.*,!-*-.  pain,    ed  er  ing  ment  able,ness.    z^Tzeding. 

..*';"(], jdif:       Poena,  "punishment^  'pain. 

un.  Quench,  sax.  To  extinguish,  to  put  out,  to  destroy, 
ed  er  ing.  less  ably,     un  ed  able,ness  ably. 

un.  Quell,  sax.  To  curb  or  subdue,  to  quiet,  to  allay,  to 
restore  to  peace,     ed  er  ing.     un  ed. 

un.  Question,  f.  and  Quaestio.  The  act  of  asking,  in- 
quiry, the  subject  of  dispute,  able, ness  ary 
ed  er  ing  ist  less,  un  able,ness  ably  ed  ing. 
Qusero,  to  ask. 

un.  Quick,  sax.  Swift,  hasty,  active,  brisk,  alive,  to  re- 
vive.    en,er,ing,ed  ly  ness.     u7i  ened. 

un.  Ransack,  dan.  To  search  thoroughly,  to  pillage,  to 
violate,     ed  ing.     un  ed. 

mis.*     Rate,  Ratus.  Price  or  amount  stated  or  fixed  on 
any    thing,    tax,  settled    allowance,   ratio. 
.'  ed  er  able  ably.     mis.     Reor,  to  judge  or 

think. 

un.  Real,  Realis.  Actual  existence,  true,  genuine,  not 
fictitious,  ity  ize,ed,ing,ation.  un  ity.  Res, 
a  thing. 

un.  Refute,  JSefuto.  To  disprove  and  overthrow  by  ar- 
gument,    ed  er  ing  al  able  ation.     un  ed. 

CO.  Regent,  Regens.  Ruling,  governing,  exercising 
authority,  ess  ship.  co.  Rego,  ^o  rz^Ze;  Rex, 
a  king. 

un.  Regret,  f.  Grief,  sorrow  of  mind,  remorse,  to  grieve, 
ted  ting  ful,ly. 

un.  Repeat,  iJepeto.  To  do,  niake,  attempt  or  utter 
again,     ed  er  ing.     un  ed. 

un.  Reprieve,  f.  To  respite  after  sentence  of  death,  to 
suspend  execution,     jm  ed  able. 

un.  Retaliate,  i?etalio.  To  return  like  for  like,  to  repay 
by  an  act  of  the  same  kind,  ed  ing  ion  ory 
Talis,  such  like. 


91 

un.       Revile,  Re  and  vile.  To  reproach  with  opprobrious 

language,     ed  er  ing,ly.     un  ed. 
un.       Roll,  d.  To  move  by  turning  on  the  surface  like  a 

wheel,  to  inwrap,  to  spread  with  a  roller. 

ed  er  ing.     un  ed  ing. 
un.        Scorn,  sp.  Extreme  contempt,  to  despise,     ed  er 

ful,ly,ness  ing.      un  ed. 
un.        Screen,  f.  Any  thing  that  separates  or  cuts  off,  a 

shelter,  to  sift  or  riddle,     ed  ing.     un  ed. 
un.       Shackle,  sax.  To  chain,  to  fetter,  to  tie  or  bind  the 

limbs,     ed  ing.     un  ed  ing. 
un.        Shade,  sax.  The  cutting  off  the  rays  of  light,  ob- 
scurity, a  shadow,  to  hide,     ed  er  y,ness  ing 

ow,ed,ing,y.     un  ed  oWed. 
im.        Shield,  sax.  A  broad  piece  of  defensive  armor,  a 

buckler,  any  defence,  to  cover   or   secure. 

ed  ing.     un  ed. 
un.       Shrink,  sax.  To  draw  back  into  less  compass,  to 

shrivel,  to  recoil,  to  express  fear,     ing  age. 

un  ing. 
un.       Shroud,  sax.  A  shelter  or  cover,  the  dress  of  the 

dead,  a  winding  sheet,  to  tal^e  shelter,     ed 

ing  y.     un  ed. 
un.       Skill,   sax.     A  familiar  knowledge  of  any  art  or 

science  united  with  dexterity  in  its  applica- 
tion,    ed  ful,ly,ness.     un  ed  ful,ly,ness. 
un.       Solicit,  Solicito.  To  ask  with  some  earnestness,  to 

seek  by  petition,  to  try  to  obtain,     ed  or  ress 

ous,ly  ude  ing  ation.     un  ed  ous. 
inter.    Space,  f.  Room,  extension,  distance  or  interval,  a 

short  time,     ful  ious,ly,ness.     inter. 
mis.      Spell,  sax.  To  form  words  with  proper  letters,  to 

take  another's  place,  a  charm,     ed  er  ing. 

mis  ed  ing. 
mis.     Spend,  sax.  To  lay  out,  dispose  of  or  part  with, 

to  pass  as  time,  to  waste,    er  ing.    mis  er 

ing. 
im.       Study,     )  Studium.     Application  of  the  mind  to 
Student,  )  Studens.  something,  meditation ; 

variously  used,     er  ous,ly,ne88  ed.    un  ed 

ocas.     Studeo,  to  study. 


cm.  Success,  Swccessus.  The  favorable  termination  of 
any  purpose.  ful,ly,ness  ion  ive,ly,ness 
less,ly,ness  or.  un  ful,ly,ness  ive.  Cede, 
to  yield,  to  depart. 

un.  Tame,  sax.  To  make  gentle,  to  domesticate,  to 
civilize,  to  subdue,  spiritless,  ed  er  ing  less 
able,ness.     U7i  ed  able. 

un.  Tarnish,  f.  To  sully,  to  soil,  to  lose  lustre  or  be- 
come dull,     ed  ing.     un  ed. 

un.  Tax,  f.  A  rate  or  sum  of  money,  to  lay  or  impose 
on,  or  assess  a  sum,  to  charge  or  censure, 
ed  er  ing  able  ation.     im  ed. 

OTer.  Tedious,  Tsedium.  Wearisome,  tiresome,  slowness, 
ly  ness.     aver.     Tsedet,  it  wearietk. 

un.  Thank,  sax.  To  express  gratitude  for  a  favor,  ed 
ful,ly,ness  ing  less,ness.     un  ed'fuljlyjness. 

un.  Trouble,  f.  To  agitate  or  disturb,  to  perplex  or 
tease,  affliction,  calamity,  ed  er  some,ly, 
ness  ing  ous.     un  ed. 

mis.  Understand,  Under  and  Stand.  To  know  or  com- 
prehend, to  have  the  same  ideas  as  the  per- 
son who  speaks,  to  learn,  er  ing,ly.  mis. 
ing. 

un.  Urge,  Urgeo.  To  press,  drive  or  impel  forward,  to 
press  by  motives,  to  importune,  ed  er  ing 
ncy  nt,ly.     un  ed. 

on.  Varnish,  f.  A  thick  glossy  liquid,  an  artificial  cover- 
ing, a  fair  external  appearance,  to  cover,  ed 
er  ing.     un  ed. 

Ve^  Verberate,  Verbero.  To  beat  or  strike,  ion.  re  ed 
ing  ion  ory. 

ixa.       Vex,  Vexo.  To  irritate,  or  make  angry  by  little  pro- 
vocations, to  plague,  fret  or  to  harass,  ation 
atious,ly,ness  ed  er.     un  ed. 
Verd,ant,  Viridans.  Green  like  grass,  fresh,  flourish* 

><»  ing.     jancy. 

Verb,  Verbum.  A  word,  a  part  of  speech  express- 
ing action.     al,ly,ity,ize  atim. 

un.       Virtue,  Virtus.  Moral   goodness,   or  excellence— 

--  various  senses,     less  oso  ous,ly,ness  al,ity, 

ly.    un  ous. 


93 

SECTION  XVIII. 
Fifth  Exercise. 

un.  Actuate.  To  put  into  action,  to  mo\''e  or  incite,  ed 
ing  ion.     tin  ed.     Ago,  to  do  ;  actum,  done. 

all.  Abhor,  ^Jhorreo.  To  hate  extremely,  to  loathe, 
despise  or  detest,  rer  red  rence  rency  rent, 
ly.     all  red.     Rule  5. 

super.  Angel,  gr.  and  Angelus.  A  spirit,  a  messenger  sent 
from  God.     ic,al,,ly,,ness  age.     super  ic. 

peri.  Ap,helion,  gr.  Apo,  from ;  Helios,  the  sun.  That  point 
of  a  planet's  orbit  most  di^ant  from  the  sun. 
peri. 

semi.  Aperture,  Apertum.  The  act  of  opening,  an  open- 
ing,    semi.     Aperio,  to  open. 

peri.      ApOjgee,  gr.  Apo,  from ;  G^,  the  earth.     That  point 
in   a   planet's   orbit  most  distant  from  the 
earth,     peri. 
AssidUjOus,  ^5siduus.   Constant  in  application,  at- 
tentive,    ly  ness  ,ity.     Sedeo,  to  sit. 

anti.  Asthma,  gr.  Shortness  of  breath,  difficulty  of  breath- 
ing,    tic.     anti  tic. 

un.  Authentic,  f.  Having  a  genuine  original,  true,  genu- 
ine.    al,ly,ness  ate,ed,ion,ing  ly  ity  ness. 

ant.*  Arctic,  gr.  Northern  constellation  called  the  Bear. 
ant. 

un.  Bail,  f.  To  set  free  from  aiTest,  to  bail  water  from 
a  boat,  a  person  who  procures  the  release  of 
a  prisoner,  able  er  ed  ee  ment  bond,  un  ed. 

semi.   Barbarian,  Barbarus.  A  man  in  a  savage  state,  semi. 

un.  Benign,  Benignus.  Kind  disposition,  generous,  fa- 
vorable,    ant  ity  ly.     un. 

un.  Blight,  sax.  A  disease  incident  to  plants,  to  blast, 
ed.     un. 

fore.  Bode,  sax.  To  portend  or  foreshow,  an  omen,  ment 
fore  er  ing  ment.     unfore  ing. 

*  Tot  anti. 


94 

in.  Canton,  It.  A  small  portion  of  land  or  division  of 
a  territor3^     al  ing  ed  ize  ment.     in. 

un.  Canvass,  f.  To  exajnine  returns  of  votes,  to  seek, 
to  debate,     ed  er  ing.     un  ed. 

over.  Captious,  Captiosus.  Disposed  to  find  fault,  apt  to 
cavil,     ly  ness.     over.     Capio,  to  take. 

omni.  Cami,vorjOus.    Caro^   flesh,  and   Voro^  to  devour  •, 
hence  :  Eating  or  feeding  on  flesh.  ,acity.  omni. 

anti.  Catholic,  gr.  Universal  or  general,  not  bigoted,  a 
papist,     al  ism  ize  ly  ness.     anti. 

un.  Cause,  Causa.  The  reason  or  motive  that  urges, 
that  which  produces  an  effect,  sake,  account, 
to  produce,  ed  less,ly,ness  er  ing  able  al, 
ty,ity,ly,  ation  ative,ly  ator.  un  ed. 
Challenge,  norm.  A  calling  upon  one  to  fight  in 
single  combat,  a  claim,  to  invite  to  a  trial, 
ed  er  ing  able,     un  ed. 

un.  Class,  Classis.  An  order  or  rank  of  persons,  a  num- 
ber of  students,  a  scientific  division,  to  place 
inranks.  ic,al,,lyify,ing,edinc, ation.  wwic,al. 

anti.  Climax,  gr.  A  figure  of  rhetoric,  in  which  the  sen- 
tence rises  more  forcibly,     anti. 

in.  Commute,  Commuio.  To  exchange  one  thing  for 
another,  to  atone,  al  ation  ative,ly  able 
ability,     in  able  ably  ability,     un  ed. 

ac.  Complice,  It.  A  confederate  in  some  unlawful  act. 
ac.     Plico,  to  fold  together. 

un.  Comprise,  f.  To  contain  or  include,  ed  er  ing  al. 
un  ed. 

un.  Confiscate,  Co^Jfisco.  To  adjudge  to  be  forfeited  to 
the  public  treasury,  ed  ing  ion  or  ory  ble. 
un  ed.     Fiscus,  a  great  money-hag. 

un.  Conjugal,  Cowjugalis.  Belonging  to  marriage,  ly. 
un.     Jugum,  a  yoke. 

nn.        Conjugate,  Con]ugo.  To  join,     ed  ion.     un  ed. 

Conspire,  Cowspiro.  To  agree  or  combine  by  oath 
to  commit  a  crime,  to  plot,  er  ing,ly  ant 
ator  ation  acy. 

un.  Corrode,  Corrodo.  To  eat  away  by  degrees,  to  prey 
upon,  ed  ing  ent  iate  ible  ibility.  un  ea. 
Conos  ion  ive,ly,ness. 


.       85  ^ 

ar»i.      Cosmetic,  gr.  Beautifying,  improving  beauty,     al, 

ly.     a7iti. 
de.        Coy,  f.  Modest,  reserved,  shy.     ish  ly  ness.     de^A 

ing".     unde  ed. 
re  un.  Cross,  vv.  A  gibbet,  to  transverse,  ill-humored,     ed 

ing  ly  ness.     re  ed  ing.     un  ed. 
re.         Crude,  Crudus.  Raw,  not  cooked,  in  a  natural  state, 

rough,  harsh,  undigested,     ly  ness  ity.     re 

ency  escence  escency  escent. 
en.        Danger,  f.  Peril,  risk,  exposure  to  injury  or  lo«s. 

less  ous,ly,ness.     en  ed  ing  ment. 
un.       Defile,  f.  To  make  unclean ;  also  a  narrow  passage. 

ed  .er  ing  ment.     un  ed. 
pre  un.  Design,  JDesigno.  To  delineate  a  figure,  to  project, 

to  plan,     er  ing  less,ly  ful,ness  ed,ly  ate,ed, 

or,ive,ing,ion.     un  ed,ly,ness  ing.     pre  ed 

ing.     Signum,  a  sign. 
un        Dilate,  Dzlato.  To  expand,  enlarge,  or  widen,     ed 

ing  or  b^e  ion  bility.     un  ed.     Latus,  broad, 
in.        Dilatory,  f.  and  Latus,  drawing  out ;  hence  slow, 

late,  tardy,     ly  ness.     in. 
un.       DilUjte,  Di\\x.o.    To  wash,  to  render  more  liquid, 

make   thin   or  weak,     ed   er  ing  ion  ,ent. 

un  ed. 
in.        Dignijty,  Dignitas.  True  honor,  nobleness  of  mind, 

rank  or  elevation.     ,fy,ed,cation.    in.    Dig- 

nus,  ivorLhy. 
un.        Diploma,  gr.  A  writing  giving  authority,  privilege 

or  honor,     cy  tic  tist.     un  tic. 
4in.       Divorce,  f.  A  legal  dissolution  of  the  marriage  con- 
tract,    ed  er  ing  ive  ment.     un  ed.     Di  and 

Verto. 
Discard,  Sp.  To  dismiss,  to  cast  off  or  reject,     ed 

Distrain,  Dzstringo.  To  seize  for  debt,  to  rend  or 

tear,     ed  or  ing  able. 
Discomfit,  f.  To  rout  or  defeat,  to  scatter  in  flight. 

ed  ing  ure. 
un.       Drama,  gr.  A  composition  representing  a  picture  of 

human  life.     tic,al„ly  tist  tize.     un  tic,al. 


noct.  DijUrnal,  Diurnus,  Dies  or  Diu.  Daily,  pertaining 
to  the  day.     noct. 

un.  Domestic,  Domesticus.  Belonging  to  the  house, 
living  in  retirement,  tame.  al,ly  ant  ate, 
ion.     un  ated.     Domus,  a  house. 

un.        Elicit,  £licio.  To  draw  out  or  bring  to  light,  to  de- 
duce,    ed  ing  ate, ion. 
Emblem,  gr.    To   represent  by   similar  qualities; 
allusive  picture.     atic,al„ly  atist  ize,ed,ing. 

UK.  Encounter,  f.  A  meeting  in  contest,  a  single  com- 
bat, a  fight,  to  meet  face  to  face,  ed  er  ing. 
un  ed. 

un.  Enhance,  norm.  To  raise  or  advance,  to  increase 
or  aggravate,     ed  er  ing  ment.     un  ed. 

en.  Epi,demic,  gr.  JSpz,  upon ;  Demos,  the  people ; 
popular  or  general  disease.     e7i. 

un.  Excise,  .Ercisum.  An  inland  duty,  to  lay  a  duty  on 
goods  used  or  consumed,  ed  man  ing  able. 
un  ed. 
Exile,  Exilium.  Banishment,  one  sent  into  banish- 
ment, ed  ing  ment. 
Ex,patriate,  f.  To  banish,  to  quit  one's  country,  ed 
ing  ion.     Patria,  a  country. 

im.       Ex,pedite,  £a;pedio.  To  hasten  or  quicken  motion, 
■      speedy,     ly  ion  ive  ious,ly. 
Impede,  ed  ing  iment,al.     Pes,  afoot. 
Expostulate,  £a:postulo.  To  reason  earnestly  with 
a  person,     ed  ing  ion  or  ory.     Postulo,  to 
ask  ;  from  Posco,  to  demand. 

anti.  Fanatic,  Fanaticus.  Wild  and  extravagant  in  opin- 
ions. al,ly,ness  ism  ize.  anti.  Fanum,  a 
temple. 

subter.  Febri,fuge,  Fehris,  a  fever,  and  Fugio^  to  flee ; 
hence  the  import,  removing  fever,     subter. 

ef.  Florid,  Floridus.  Abounding  with  flowers,  flushed 
with  red,  a  style  enriched  with  figures,  ity 
ly  ness.     Flos,  a  flower. 

un.  Foil.  To  frustrate,  defeat,  or  render  vain — various 
senses,     ed  er  ing  able,     un  ed. 

out.  Frown,  f.  To  express  displeasure  by  contracting  tho 
Ijrow,  to  repel,  a  stern  look.  *  ed  ing,ly.   out. 


87      ' 

be.  Gloom.  Obscurity,  partial  or  total  darkness,  aspect 
of  sorrow.     y,ly,ness.    be. 

pro.  Gnostic,  gr.  Literally  knowing  or  having  knowledge 
of,  a  sect  of  philosophers,  ism.  'pro  able 
ate,ed,ing,ion,or. 

un.  Harbor,  sax.  A  lodging,  a  port  for  ships,  a  place  of 
safety,  to  shelter,     ed  er  ing  less,     iul  ed. 

pro.  Im,minjent,  In,  and  Minens.  Hanging  in  a  threat- 
ening manner  ;  hence,  hanging  over,  or  im- 
pending, ^ence,  pro.  jencejency4ent,ly. 
Imply,  /Twplico.  To  infold  or  involve,  to  contain  by 
inference.  ed,ly  ing  cate,ed,ing,ion,ive,,ly. 
Inculcate,  /tzcuIco.  To  impress  by  frequent  admo- 
nitions, to  teach,  ed  ing  ion.  In  and  Calco, 
to  drive  in ;  from  Calx,  the  heel. 

inter.    In,cipi,ent,  //zcipiens.  beginning,  commencing,  ^en- 
cy.     i7iter.     Capio,  to  take. 
Ingenious,  /?zgeniosus.  Possessed  of  genius,  prompt 
to  invent,  skilful,     ly  ness.     Gigno,  genitus. 

re.  Ingratiate,  In-gratia.  To  commend  one's  self  to 
another's  good  will  or  kindness,  ed  ing. 
re  ed.     Gratus,  grateful. 

un.       Intercept,  f.  To  take  or  seize  on  by  the  way,  to  stop 
on  its  passage,    ed  er  ing  ion.    un  ed.    Ca- 
pio, to  take. 
Invidious,  /?ividiosus.    Envious,   provoking    envy, 

hateful,     ly  ness.     Video,  to  see. 
Ignor^ant,  /^orans.  Destitute  of  knowledge,  unin- 

structed.  ly  ^ance. 
Lecture,  Lectura.  A  discourse  read  or  pronounced, 
to  instruct  by  discourses,  ed  ing  er  ship. 
Lego,  to  read  or  choose. 
Masculine,  Masculinus.  Having  the  qualities  of  a 
man,  strong,  robust,  coarse,  bold,  ly  ness. 
Mas,  a  male. 

re.  Masticate,  Mastico.  To  chew,  to  grind  with  the 
teeth,     ed  ing  ion  ory.     re  ed  ing  ion. 

inter.  Medium,  Medium.  That  through  which  something 
passes,  the  middle,     inter. 

un.  Merchant,  f.  A  man  who  carries  on  trade  with  for- 
eign countries,  one  who  buys  and  sells  goods. 


able  man   ly  like,     un  able.     Merceor,  to 
buy  ;  from  Merx,  mercis,  merchandize. 

over.  Mischief,  f.  Harm,  hurt,  injury,  damage,  evil,  to 
hurt,  (/changed  to  v.)  ous,ly,ness.  over  ous. 

re.  Model,  Modus.  A  pattern  of  something  to  be  made, 
to  form,     ed  er  ing.     re  ed  ing. 

re.  Nascent,  Nascens.  Beginning  to  exist  or  grow,  re, 
Nascor,  to  be  borne. 

e.  Nucle,us,  Nucleus.    A  kernel  or  nut.  e  ^ate.  Nux, 

nucis,  a  nut. 

Occasion,  Occasio.  Opportunity,  accidental  cause,  to 

produce,    able  al,ly  ed  er  ing.    Cado,  to  fall. 

Orient,  Oriens.  Rising  as  the  sun,  eastern,  bright. 

al,ism,ist,ity. 

im.  Paca,tion,  Paco.  The  act  of  appeasing,  im  ^ble. 
Pax,  peace. 

un.  Palliate,  f.  To  clothe,  to  cover  with  excuse,  to  con- 
ceal, to  lessen,  ed  ing  ion  ive.  Pallium,  a 
cloak. 

anti.  Paralytic,  gr.  Affected  with  palsy,  weak,  trembling. 
aTiti. 

un.  Patent,  Patens.  Open,  expanded,  a  writing  by 
proper  authority,  granting  certain  privileges, 
ed  ing  ee.     un  ed. 

semi.  *  Pellucid,  PeZlucidus.  Perfectly  clear,  transparent, 
ity  ness.     semi.     Lux,  light. 
Penal,  f.  Enacting  punishment,  subject  to  a  penal- 
ty,    ty  ity.     Poena,  'punishment. 

un.  Pension,  f.  An  annual  allowance  of  a  sum  of  mo- 
ney by  government,  ed  er  ing  ary.  un  ed. 
Pendeo,  to  hang  from. 

ante.  Penult,  Pewultimus.  The  last  syllable  of  a  word 
except  one.  ima  imate.  ante,  Pene,  aZ- 
most  ;  Ultimus,  the  last. 

com.     Peregrinate,  Peregrinor.  To  travel  from  place  to 
place,     ion  or.     com.     Ager,  agri,  afield. 
Perfidy,  Perfidia.  The  act  of  violating  faith,  treache- 
ry.    ous,ly,ness.     Fides, /aeVA. 

im.  Peril,  It.  Danger,  risk,  hazard,  jeopardy,  to  be  in 
danger.     ous,ly,ness^    im. 

•  For  p€r. 


89 

anti.  1  )ison,  f.  A  substance  which,  when  taken  into  the 
stomach,  destroys  life ;  infectious,  malig- 
nant,    ed  er  ing  ous,ly,ness  ful  able.   ^  anti. 

un.  Pom  ay,  f.  To  paint  or  draw  the  likeness  of  any 
thing,    ed  er  ing.    un  ed  {y  is  not  changed.) 

de.  Predji  I,  PriEda.  Pertaining  to  prey,  practicing  plun- 
der,    ^atory^aceous.    de  ate,ed,ing,ion,ory. 

anti.  Prela^tt,  f.  A  dignitary  of  the  church,  a  bishop, 
s  \ip  ic,al„ly  ^cv.    anti  ical.    Pre  and  Latus, 

^  fi.>m  Fero. 

de.  Privatjion  Privatio,  Privus.  The  act  of  removing 
son  ething  needed,  the  state  of  being  depri- 
ved. jive,ly,ness.  De-privo,  to  take  from. 
ed  ei  ing  ment  able  ation.     unde  ed. 

un.        Privilege,  Pi  ivilegium.  A  peculiar  benefit  enjoyed 

by  on  *   or   more   beyond  others,     ed   ing. 

Privua  ind  Lege,  from  Lex,  laio. 
un 

omni.  Proli,fic,  Prolei  Facio.  Making  fruitful,  producing 
an  abundance.     al,ly  ness  ation  ac^^    omni. 

un.  Promulge,  Promulgo.  To  publish,  teach,  or  pro- 
claim,   ed  er  ingate,ed,or,ing,ion.    un  ated. 

ariti.     Puritan,  Purus.    A  dissenter  from  the  Church  of 
England.     i( sal„ly  ism  ize.     anti. 
Punctual,  f.  Exact,    yae  at  the  exact  time,     ist  ity 
ly  ness. 

com.  Pupil,  Pupilla.  The  pple  of  the  eye.  Pupillus,  a 
scholar,     age  uxy.     com. 

ira.       Pregnable,  f.  That  may  be  taken  by  force,     im. 

en.  Ravish,  f.  To  seize  and  carry  away  by  violence,  to 
delight  to  ecstacy.  ed  er  ing,ly  ment.  en 
ed  ing  ment. 

arch.  Rebel,  i^ebellis  and  Rebello.  One  who  revolts  from 
the  government,  also  to  revolt,  led  ler  ling 
lion  lious,ly,ness.     arch.     Bellum,  war. 

un.  Reciproca^te,  jReciproco.  To  interchange,  to  alter- 
nate, ed  ing  ion  jl,ly,ness.  un  ed.  Capio, 
to  take. 

inter.  Reign,  Regno.  To  possess  sovereign  power,  to  rule 
as  a  king,     ed  er  ing.     inter. 


90 

un.       Keprimand,  f.  To  reprove  severely,  to  chide  for  a 
fault,  a  reproof,     ed  ing.     un  ed. 
-Requisite,  Requisitus.  Required  by  the  nature  of 
things,  necessary,     ly  ness.     Qusero,  to  ask. 

ir.  Rigation,  Rigatio.  The  act  of  watering,   ir.    Rigo, 

to  water. 

un.  Righteous,  sax.  Just,  according  to  the  Divine  law, 
justified,     lyness.     W72  ly  ness. 

cor.  Robor,ant,  Roborans.  Strengthening.  ,ation.  cor 
^ant  jate,ed,ing,ion,ive.     Robur,  oak. 

un.  Romantic.  Pertaining  to  romance,  wild,  fanciful, 
aljly  ness.     Romance  ed  er  ing.     un. 

un.  Ruminate,  Rumino.  To  chew  the  cud ;  hence,  to 
muse,  meditate,  ponder,  ed  ing  ion  or. 
im  ed. 

all.  SagacijOUs,  Sagax.  Quick  of  scent,  quick  of  thought, 
acuteness  of  discernment,     ly  ness,ty.     all. 

un.  Saint,  f.  and  Sanctus.  A  person  sanctified,  a  holy 
person  or  Christian,  ed  ess  ly  like  ship. 
un  ed. 

en.  Sample,  Exemplum.  A  specimen,  example,  or  in- 
stance,    er.     671. 

un.  Savor,  f.  Taste  or  odor,  an  agreeable  quality,  to  taste 
or  smell.     y,ly,ness  less  ly.     un  y,ly,ness. 

un.        Season,  f.  A  fit  or  suitable  time,  a  particular  time, 
a  part  of  the  year,  to  become  mature — vari- 
ous senses,     ed  er  ing  able, ness  ably,     un 
ed  able,ness  ably. 
Sedate,  Sedatus,  Sedeo.  Settled,  composed,  calm. 

ly  ness  ive. 
Sedition,    \  Seditio.  A  factious  or  tumultuous  as- 
Seditious,  \      sembly.     ary.     ly  ness. 

un 

be.        Siege,  f.    The  setting  an  army  before  a  fortified 

place,     he  ed  er  ing.     unle  ed. 
un 

en.       Shrine,  sax.  A  case  or  box  particularly  for  sacred 

things,     en  ed  ing.     unen  ed. 
un 

be.       Smear,  sax.  To  overspread  with  any  adhesive  mat- 


91 

ter,  to   pollute,     ed  ing  y.     he  ed  er  ing. 

U7ihe  ed. 
un.        Smooth,   sax.    Having    an   even   surface,    evenly 

spread,  glossy,     ed  er  en  ly  ness.     un. 
be.         Sot,  f.  A  stupid  person,  a  blockhead,  an  habitual 

drunkard.    tish,ly,ness.    be  ted,ly,ness  ting. 
be.         Spangle.  A  small  plate  of  shining  metal,  as  an  or- 
nament,    ed  ing.     be  ed  ing. 
anti.      Spasm,  Spasmus.    An  involuntary   contraction  of 

the  muscles,     odic.     anti  o^ic. 
un.        Speculate,    Speculor.    To   meditate,    to    purchase 

goods  with  a  view  of  gaining  a  profit,     ion 

ist  ive,ly,ness  or  on,',     un  ive. 
re.         Stagn^ate,  Stagno,  Stagnum.   To  cease  to  flow  or 

move,  to  become  dull,     ion  ^ant^ancy.     ion. 
un.        Staunch,  )  sax.  To  stop  the  flowing  of  blood,  sound, 

Stanch,     (      firm,     ed  er  ing  less  ness.     U7i  ed. 
inter.    Stellar,    )  Stellaris.  Pertaining  to  the  stars,  y.  inter. 
con.      Stellate,  (  Stella.  A  star,     ed  ing  ion.     con  ion. 

Supersede,  Super-sedeo.  To  make  void  or  useless 

by  superior  power,  to  come  in  the  room  of. 

ed  ing  ure.     Sedeo,  to  sit. 
un.        Surprise,  f.  To  come  or  fall  upon  suddenly,  to  con- 
fuse,    ed  ing,ly  al.     un  ed. 
un.        Sustain,  Susimeo.     To  bear,  uphold  or  support,  to 

assist,     ed  er  ing  able,     un  ed.     Teneo,  to 

hold. 
Symbol,  Symbolum.  The  sign  of  any  moral  thing 

by  images  or  properties  of  natural  things, 

an  emblem.     ic,al„ly  ism  ize,ation,ing. 
Syn,opsis,  gr.  A  general  view  of  the  principal  parts. 
Terse,  Tersus.  Cleanly  written,  neat,     ly  ness. 
Deterge,  Detergo.  To  cleanse,  ed  ent  ing. 
super.  Terrene,  Terrenus,  Terra.  Pertaining  to  the  earth. 

super. 
extra.   Territory,  Territorium.  A  tract  of  land  under  the 

dominion  of  some  state.     al,ly.     extra  al. 
mono.  Theo,machy,  gr.  Theos^  God,  and  MachS,  to  fight ; 

hence,  fighting  against  the  gods.    ist.  mono. 


92  . 

SECTION  XIX. 

Sixth  Exercise. 

N.  B.  Many  legitimate  derivative  forms  are  designedly 
omitted  on  account  of  their  rare  occurrence  in  standard 
authors. 

un 

ad  con  per.  Abjufe,  Ah]Vim,  To  renounce  upon  oath,  to 
recant,  ed  er  ing  ment  ation  atory. 
con  er  ed  ing  ment  ation  atory.  Juro, 
to  swear. 

un.  Accent,  ^ccentus.  To  utter  words  by  a  particu- 

lar stress  of  voice,  ed  ing.  vn  ed. 
Accentu  al  ate  ation.     Cano,  to  sing. 

all  un.  Admire,  ^l^miror,  Admiratio.  To  regard  with 

wonder,  ed  er  ing,ly  able,ness  ability 
ation  ative.  un  ed  ing.  all  ing.  Mirus, 
wonderful. 

un.  Achieve,  f.  To  perform,  execute,  finish,  or  gain, 

ed  er  ing  ment  able  ance.     un  ed  able. 

re  un.  Adorn,  Adovno.  To  deck  or  ornament,  to  make 

pleasing,     ed  ing  ment.     un  ed.     re. 

un.  Appall,  -42?palleo.  To  depress  with  fear,  dis- 

mayed,    ed  ing  ment.     un  ed. 

in  un.  Artificial,  Ars-facio.  Made  by  art,  feigned,     ly 

ity  ness.     in  ly.     un  ly. 
sub 

ad  con  re.  A,stringe,  Jlstringo,  Astringens.  Binding,  con- 
tracting, to  compress,  ed  ent  ing  ency, 
suh  ent.  ad  ent.     Stringo,  to  hind. 

all  un.  Atone,  Atone.  To  expiate,  to  agree,     ed  er  ing 

ment.     un  ed  able,     all  ing. 
unre 


de.  At,tach,  f.  To  take  by  legal  authoritj'-,  to  bind, 

adhere  or  fasten  to.     ed  ing  able  ment. 

re  ment.     U7i  ed.     de  ed  ing  ment. 
contra.  Circum, vallate,    CircumvoWo.     To    surround 

with   a   rampart.      ion.      contra    ion 

Vallo,  to  fortify 


93 

171  mis  ex     Cite,  Cito.  To  call  upon  officially,  to  quote,    er 
mis  fore  ess  al  ation  atory.     ex  ant  able  ate  ation 

^^]  ative  atory  ed  ment  er.     unex  ed.     mis 

ation.  in  er  ed  ant  ing  ation  ment  abil- 
ity.    Cieo,  to  7nove,  or  incite. 

con  in  un.  Coagulate,  Coagulo.  To  congeal,  curdle,  or 
concrete,  ed  ing  ion  ive  or  ble  bility. 
un  ed  ble.     in  ble.     con  ed  ing  ion. 

in.  Coerce,  Coerceo.  To  restrain  by  force,  to  com- 

pel, ed  ible  ing  ion  ive,ly.  in  ible. 
Con-arceo,  to  restrain. 

dis  con.  Color,  Color.  The  property  inherent  in  light, 
to  dye,  to  alter,  ed  able  ably  ist  less 
ate  ation  atu^e  ific.  dis  ed  ing  ation. 
undis  ed. 

obsoliambi.  Col,loquy,  CoZloquium.  A  dialogue  or  confer- 

anti  circum.  ence.     al  ist.     Loquor,  to  speak, 

mis  pre  self.  Conceit,  It.  Imagined,  notion,  fancy.  ed,ly, 
ness  less.     'pre.     self  ed,ness. 

un. .  Condemn,  Cowdemno.  To  pronounce  guilty  or 

wrong,  er  ed  ing  able,  un  ed.  Con- 
demnat  ion  ory.     Damnus,  hu7*t. 

un.  Confine,  Co7i^nis.  The  border  or  edge,  to  limit 

or  bound,     er  ed  ing  ment  less,     wwed, 
ly  able.     Finis,  the  end. 
self  over 

dif.  Con,fide,  ConMo.  To  trust  or  rely  on,  to  com- 

mit to.  ed  er  ent,ly,ness  ence  encial,ly. 
over  ence.  ^eZ/"  ence  ent  ing.  dif  ence 
ent,ly.     Fides,  faith,  trust. 

all  re  un.  Conquer,  f.  To  subdue  or  gain  by  force,  to 
overcome,  or  ess  ing  ed  able,ness.  un 
ed  able,ness.     re  ed  ing.     all  ing. 

dis  in  un.     Console,    CoTisolor.    To   comfort   or   alleviate 

grief,     ed  er  able  ate,ion,or,ory.     un  ed 

ing.     in  able  ably,     dis  ate,ly,ness,ion 

ancy.     Solor,  to  comfort. 
un  inun 

circum.  Con,stant,  CoTzstans.  Fixed,  firm,  certain,  stea- 
dy, ly  cy.  un.  in  ly  cy.  Sto,  to 
stand;  Con,  together. 


un.  Consummate,  Co7isummo.    To  end,  finish  or 

complete,   ed  ing  ion  ly.  un.  Summus. 

un.  Content,  Co?2tendo.  To  strive,  dispute,  or  quar- 

rel, ed  er  ing  ent.  un  ed  ing.  Con- 
tent,ion  ious,ly,ness. 

in  un.  Contest,  f.    To  dispute,  strive,  or  contend,  a 

strife,  ing, ly  less  able,ness  atiofl.  uned. 
able,     in  able  ably.     Testis,  a  vntness. 

in.  ContigUjOus,    Cowtiguus.   Touching,  meeting, 

ly  ness  ^ity.     in  ^ous.     Tango,  to  touch. 

after  self.  Convict,  CoTivictum.  To  prove  guilty,  to  con- 
vince, or  confute,  ed  ing  ion  ive,ly. 
self  ed  ion.  after  ion.  Vinco,  to  coi^uer. 

inun.  Converse,  Ccmversor.  Familiar  discourse,  de- 

portment. able,ness  ably,  un  able,  in 
able.  Conversat  ion,ed,ist  ive.  Verto, 
to  turn. 

VOL  Counterfeit,  f.  To  forge  or  imitate,  to  feign  or 

dissemble,  er  ed  ly  ness.  un  Facio, 
to  make. 

ac  dis.  Credit.  Belief,  reliance,  trust,  to  believe,     or 

ed  ing  able,ness  ably  rix.  dis  ed  able 
ing.     ac  ed  ing  ation.     unac  ed.     un 

oxer  in  un.  ed  able,ness.     Credul  ous,ly,ness.     in 

ity  ous,ness.  ovex  ous.  Credi  ble,ness 
bility.  in  ble,ness  bly  bility.  Credo, 
to  believe. 

re  in.  Curve,  Curvus.    Bending,   crooked,   winding, 

ed  ing  ity  ated  ation  ature.  in  ate,ed, 
ing, ion  ity.     re  ed  ous  ate, ion. 

dis  un 

ac.  Custom,  f.  Frequent  or  common  use,  to  make 

familiar,  ed  er  able, ness  ably  aiy,ness, 
ly.  ac  ed,ness  ing  ance  ary,ly.  disac 
ed.     unac  ed. 

pre.  Decease,  Decessus.  Departure  from  this  life, 

to  die.    ed  ing.   pre  ed.   Cedo,  to  yield. 

un.  Decipher,  f.  To  explain  what  is  written  in  ci- 

pher, to  unravel,    ed  er  ing.   un  ed  able. 

oh.  Despair,  f.  and  Desperatus.  A  hopeless  state, 

without  hope,  er  ing,ly  able  ful.  un 
ing.     Spes,  hope. 


95 

pro  un.  De,test,  Detestor,  Detestalus.  To  abhor,  abom- 
inate, ed  er  ing  able,ness  ably  ation. 
un  ed.  pro  ed  er  ing  ation  ant,ism. 
De  and  Testis. 

un.  Defray,  f.  To  pay  expenses,  to  discharge,     ed 

er  ing  ment.     im  ed. 

in.  Desert,  JDesertus.    An  uninhabited  waste,   to 

forsake,  deserving  good  or  evil,     er  ed 

ing  ion  ful  less,ly.     m.     De  and  Ser- 

tus,  from  Seiro,  to  sow. 
un 

pro.  De,tect,  Detectus.  To  uncover,  find  out  or  dis- 

cover, ed  er  ing  ion.  un  ed.  re  ion. 
pro  ed  or,ship  ing  ion  ive  ress  orate. 
Tego,  to  cover. 

in.  Doctrine,  Doctrina.    Truths  of  the  gospel,  or 

other  truths.  al,ly.  i7i  ate,ed,ing,ion. 
Doceo,  to  teach. 

in.  Efficacy,  E/ficacia.  Power  to  produce  effects. 

ous,ly,ness.  in  ous,ly,ness.  Facio,  to 
make. 

in  un.  Elastic,  f.  Rebounding  like  a  ball,  flying  back. 

al,ly  ity.     U7i.     in  ity. 

dis.  Embroil,  f.  To  involve  in  troubles,  to  perplex, 

ed  ing  ment.     dis  ed  ing. 

CO  pre.  Emption,  Emptio.  The  act  of  buying,  pre, 
Emo,  to  buy. 

dif  un.  En,chant,  f.  To  practice  sorcery,  to  delight  ed 
er  ing,ly  ment  ress.  un  ed.  dis  ed  er 
ing.     Cano,  cantum,  to  sing. 

after.  Endeavor,  norm.  To  exert  physical  or  mental 

power,  an  attempt,     ed  er  ing.     after, 

an.  Envy,  f.    To  feel  uneasiness  in  view  of  an- 

other's prosperity,  ing  ed  er  ous,ly 
able,     un  ed  ous. 

inter.  Equinoctial,  jEquus-nox.  Pertaining  to  equal 

day  and  night,     ly.     inter. 

un.  Equity,  jEquitas.  Strict  justice,  right,     able, 

ness.     un  able,     ^quus,  equal. 

un.  Essay,  f.  To  try  or  attempt,  a  trial  or  experi« 

ment.     ed  er  ing  ist.     un  ed. 


•       .  96 

dis  mis  self.  Esteem,  f.  To  set  a  value,  to  prize,  ed  er  ing 
able,     dis  ed  ing.     self.     ^Estimo. 

in  mis  self.  Estimate,  jEstimo.  To  judge  of  the  value  of 
any  thing,  or  ed  ing  ble,ness  ion.  self 
ion.     dis  ion. 

an.  Exert,  jEa;ertus.  To  thrust  forth,  emit,  put  forth 

or  do.     ed  ing  ion.     un  ed.     Ex-sero. 

in  un.  Expert,  Szpertus.  Experienced,  skilful,  prompt, 

ly  ness.     un.     in.     Perior,  to  try. 

un.  Explore,  jEzploro.  To  search  for  or  pry  into, 

to  view  with  care,  ed  ing  ment  ation 
ator  atory.     un  ed. 

dU.  Ex,plode,  £a:plodo.  To  burst  with  force,  to  re- 

ject, ed  ing  er.  dis  ed  ing.  Explos 
ion  ive.  dis  ion  ive.  Plaudo,  to  make 
a  noise  by  clapping  hands. 

un.  Expend,  JExpendo.  To  lay  out,  disburse,  use 

or  consume,  ed  ing  iture.  un  ed.  Ex- 
pense ful,ly  less  ive,ly,ness.     un  ive, 

pro.  Ex,pound,  Ex^gono.  To  explain,  lay  open,  or 

interpret,  ed  er  ing.  pro  ed  er  ing. 
Exposit  ion  ive  or  ory.     Pono,  to  place. 

un.  Extirpate,  jBartirpatus.  To  pluck  up  by  the  roots, 

to  remove,     ed  or  ing  ion  ble.     un  ed. 

in  un.  Extinguish,  ^.rtinguo.   To  put  out,  quench,  or 

destroy,  ed  er  ing  able  ment.  un  ed 
able  ably,     in  able. 

de  un.  Fault,  f.  An  error,  mistake,  or  blunder,     y  ed 

er  ful  ily  iness  ing  less,ness.    un  y.    de 

ed  er  ing. 
un 

in.  Flame,  Flamma.  A  blaze,  fire,  ardor,  rage,  less 

ing,ly  y.      Flamma  ble    bility.      In- 
flamma   tion   ble   bility  bleness   tory. 
unin. 
de  in  inter   Foliate,  Foliatus.  To  spread  over  with  a  thin 
extra  supra  coat  of  tin,  to  furnish  with  leaves,     ed 

tri.  ing  ion  ure.     inter,     in.     de  ion.     Fo- 

lium, a  leaf. 
all  un.  Forgive,  sax.   To  pardon,  remit  or  overlook, 

en  ness  er  ing.     un  en  ing.     all  ing. 


97 


■i«8P; 


unm 
con. 


extra  poly, 
ag. 

un. 
un. 

contra. 
dis. 

en. 

over  un. 


Genial,  Genialis.  That  which  causes  to  pro- 
duce,   cheering,      ly.      con  ness  ity. 

uncon.    incon  ity.    Genus,  a  race,  from 

Gigno. 
Genus,   Genus.    A  class   of  several   species, 

plants  of  the  same  sort,     extrageneous. 
Grieve.   To  give  pain  of  mind,   to  afflict,  to 

mourn,     ed  er  ing,ly  ous,ly,ness.     ag 

ed  ing.     Gravis,  heavy. 
Group,  f.  A  cluster  or  crowd,     ed  ing.     ag  ed. 
Harass,  f.  To  weary,  fatigue,  or  tease,     ed  er 

ing.     un  ed. 
Harm,  sax.  To  damage  or  injure  in  any  way. 

ed  ful,ly,ness  ing  less,ly,ness.     un  ed. 
Impetus,  jTwpetus.  Force  of  motion.     Impetu* 

jOus,ly,nesSjOsity.     Peto,  to  seek. 
Incarcerate,  Incarcero.  To  imprison  or  put  in 

jail.     ion.     dis  ion.     Career,  a  prison. 
un 

In,dorse,  Indorsum.  To  write  on  the  back  of  a 
paper,  to  assign,  able  ee  er  ment.  en 
ment.     un  ed.     Dorsum,  the  back. 

Industry,  Industria.  Habitual  diligence,  ous, 
Iv.     un  ous.     over  ous. 


ex 

af  con  suf 
dif  per. 


In,flatc,  /Tiflatus.  To  fill  with  the  breath,  to 
swell,  ed  ing  ion.  suf  ion.  exsuf 
ion.  per  ble  ion.  af  us  ion.  Flo,  to 
blow. 

re 

inter.  In.sert,  Jnsertus.  To  thrust  in,  to  set  among. 

ed  ing  ion.     re  ed  ing  ion.     inter  ion. 

Sero,  to  sow. 
sub  super.    Institute,  Instituo.  To  establish,  enact,  found, 

or  begin,     ed  ing  or  ist  ive  ion,al,ary. 

super  ion.     In  and  Sto,  to  stand. 
re.  In,surrection,  irisurgo,    Insurrectum.     Bising 

against  civil  authority,    al  ary.    r«. 

Surgo,  to  rise. 


super  un.  Intend,  Intendo.  To  mean  or  to  design,  to 
stretch  in.     ed,ly  er  ing  ant  ment.     un 

-ow  -nl^Kmm*-        ed.     super  ed.  ing  ent  ence  ency.     In- 

,vn    c^^n^wf.o  tentus,  Intent  ion, al,ly,ed  ive,ly,ness  ly 

C!^ii}ri  ^aat  »   f:  ness. 

dis  re.  Inter,  f.  To  bury  or  cover  with  earth,    ed.    dis 

ed.     In  and  Terra,  the  earth. 

re  un.  Interrogate,  Interiogo.   To  question,     ed  ing 

ion  ive,ly  or  ory.     re.     Rogo,  to  desire 

,.  ,.  or  beg. 

un  dis        dis 

en.  In,thrall.     To   enslave,    to    shackle,     ed   ing 

ment.     dis  ed  ing  ment.     en   ed   ing 
ment.     disen  ed  ing  ment.     unen  ed. 
ex  sub.         In,undate,  /wundatus.  To  overflow,  to  deluge. 

ed  ing  ion.     sub  ion.     Unda,  a  wave. 
un.  Investigate,  Invesiigo.    To   search   into  with 

care,     ed  ing  ion  or  ble  ive.     un  ble. 
Vestigium,  a  footstep. 
un.  Invite,  Invito,  Invitatio.  To  ask,  allure,  or  in- 

duce,    ed   er   ment   ing,ly,ness    ation 
atory.     un  ed. 
pre.  Intimate,  Intimatus.  Near,  familiar,  inmost,  to 

\>%\h  ^**  hint,     ed  ly  ing  ion  cy.     pre  ion.     In- 

'  tus,  within. 

ex.  In,tricate,  Intricatus.  Perplexed,  obscure,  en- 

tangled,    ly   ness   ion  cy.     ex  ed  ing 
OJ  ,ihf!n  ion  ble.     Tricse,  an  impediment. 

f^cs^  Lease,  f.  A  letting  of  lands  and  tenements  for 

fA  ,oi'I  a  certain  time,     ed  er  ing  hold,     re  ed 

er  ing  ment. 
ex.  Legislate,   Legis-latum.    To   make   or   enact 

,- -  or  im-  r         laws,      ion   ive   ure   rix  ress   or,ship. 
.itvi't  xA'.<\     .fi'-i  ^!«c  or. 
iL  Legitimate,  f.  and  Legitimus.  To  make  lawful, 

brtuiil  ,^  ly  ness  cy.     Uly  cy.     Lex,  legis,  law. 

pre.  Libation,  Libatio.   Th«   wine   poured   out   in 

honor  of  a  deity,     pre.     Libo,  to  taste, 
un 

U,  Lustrate,  Lustro.  To  make  clear  or  pure,  to 


99 


i  view  or  survey,     ion.     il  ed  ing*  ion 

ive  or.     unil  ed. 
un(forunus,  Magn,animous.  Magna,  great ;  Animus^  mind. 
one)  equ.*  ly.     un  ly. 

im.  Manacle,  f.  Handcuffs,  shackles,    ed  ing.    im 

ed  ing.     Manus,  a  hand. 
dis.  Mantle,   sax.    A  kind  of  cloak,   to   cloak  or 

cover,     ing.     dis  ed  ing. 
bi.  Manu^al,    Manualis.    Performed   by  hand,  a 

small  book.    ,ary.    Z>2-manous.    Manus, 

a  hand. 
counter  de.  Mark,  sax.  A  visible  line,  to  note  or  distin- 
guish, evidence,     ed  er  able,     counter. 

un  ed.     c?e-markation. 
inter  re  un.  Marry,  f.  To  unite  in  wedlock,     ed  able  age, 

able,     un  ed  able,     re  ed  ing.     inter 

ed  ing  age, 
dis  over.       Mast,  sax.    That  which  holds  the  sails  of  a 

ship.     ed.     dis  ed  ing  ment.     over  ed. 
inter  un.       Meddle,  d.  To  interpose,  or  having  to  do  with, 

to  handle,     ed  ing  some,ness.     un  ed 

ing.     inter  er  ing. 
a.  Meliorate,  f.  and  Melior.  To  make  better,  to 

improve,     ed  ing  ion.     a  ion.     Bonus, 

good. 
Merge,  Mergo.  To  bury  under  water,     er.     e 

ent  ence  ency.    im.    sub  ed  ing.    Mers 

ion.    e  ion.    im  ed  ing  ion.    sub  ed  ion. 
Molest,  f.  To  trouble,  disturb,  or  render  unea- 


im  e  sub. 


un. 

un 
a  be. 


inter. 
de. 


sy.     ed  er  ing  ful  ation.     un  ed. 


Muse, 


Musa.  A  song,  one  of  the  nine  sisters, 
deep  thought,  er  ful  less,  be  ed.  a 
ed  er  ment  ing,ly  ive,ly.  una  ed  ing 
ive. 

Mutual,  Mutuus.  Interchange,  given  and  re- 
ceived,   ly  ity.     inter. 

Narcotjic,  gr.  Causing  stupor,  inducing  sleep. 
al,ly  ness.     de  ,ize. 


:»;/-,»  rv  ju 


Bqu,  for  equi. 


#- 


100 

counter.  Negotiate,  Negotior.  To  transact  business,  ed 
ing  or  ion  ble  bility.  (punter  ion.  Ne- 
gotium,  business ;  nec-otium,  not  ease. 

un 

re.  New,  sax.  Lately  made — various  senses,     ly 

ish  ness.    real  ed,ly,ness  ing.    unrced.. 

dis  un.  Obey,  f.   To  comply  with  the  commands  of 

*  another,  to  yield  to.     ed  er  ing.     un  ed. 

dis  ed  ing. 

pre  re  un.  Obtain,  OJtineo.  To  get  or  gain,  to  succeed, 
ed  er  ing  ment  able,  un  ed  able,  re 
e^.  in  a:  able,     pre  ed.     Teneo,  to  hold, 

semi.  Opaque,  means.     Dark,  not  transparent,   ness. 

St  mi. 

dis  un.  Own,  sax.  Belonging  to,  to  have  the  legal  right, 

ed  er,ship  ing.     un  ed.     dis  ed  ing. 

de  un.  Oxygen,   gr.    A   substance   which   generates 

acid.  ate,ed,ing,ion  ize,ed,ing.  un 
ated  ized.     de  ate,ed,ing,ion. 

un.  Parallel,  gr.  Running  in  accordance  with  some- 

thing,    ly  ism  less  ogram. 

im.  Partial,  Pars.    Biased  to  one  party,  to  favor 

without  reason,     ist  ity  ize  ly.     im  ly. 

CO.  Partner.   One  who  shares  with  another,  an  as- 

sociate,    ship.     CO  ship. 

im.  Passive,  Passivus.  Suffering,  not  acting,     ly 

ity  ness.     Patior,  to  suffer. 

anti  CO  com.  Patriot,  f.  A  person  who  loves  his  country,  ic 
ism.    com.    co.  anti  ic.  Pater,  a  father. 

de  dis.  Pauper,  Pauper.    A  poor  person,     ism.     dis. 

de  ate,ed,ing. 

ad  ob  in.  Pen,umbra,  Pene-umbra.  A  partial  shade  or 
•  obscurity,     in  te.     oh  te,ion.     ad. 

de.  Perdition,  Perditio.  Entire  loss  or  niin. 

imun.  Perforate,  Perforo.   To   bore  or  make   holes 

through,  ed  ing  ion  ive  or.  un  ed. 
im  ed  ion  ble. 

un.  '  Perform,  Per-formo.   To  do,  execute,  or  dis- 

charge, ed  ing  er  ance  able,  un  ed 
ing. 

im.  Person,  Persona:  An  individual  man  or  woman, 


101 

some  one.     ar,?y .Itjf  Age  able  atfe,idn,or 

ize  ify,ed,mg,c-i}ti(^n.  e^^ttljly^hy  at;^.ed. 
un  •-.    ;  -. ;,.:  :     .     ?     -  >  '   •..' 

tran.  Per,spire,  Per-spiro.  To  evacuate  fluids  of  the. 

body  through   the   pores  of  the  skin. 

able  ability  ation  atory  ative.     unMo, 

trans  able  ing  ation. 
semi  un.       Petrify,  Petra-facio.    To  convert  to  stone,  to 

make  callous,     ed  ing  cate,ion.     un  ed. 

Petrifactjion  ^ive.     semi  ion. 
de.  Pletho^ry,  gr.  Fullness  of  blood.     jrajric,retic. 

de  depleo,  depletion. 
Pliant,  f.  That  may  be  easily  bent,  flexible. 

ness.    Plia^blejbilityjbleness.     Plico,  to 

fold. 
counter  com  Plot.  Any  scheme,  to  contrive,  a  small  extent 
under.  of  ground,     ted  ter  ting,     com  ted  ter 

ting  ment.     counter  ting,     under. 
dis  im  un.    Plume,  f.  and  Pluma.  The  feathers  of  a  fowl, 

token  of  honor,  pride,     less,     un  ed. 

im  ed  ous.     dis  ed  ing. 
re  un.  Polish,  f.  To  make  smooth,  refinement  in  man- 

ners, er  ing  ed,ness  able  ment.  un  ed. 
dis  super  Praise,  Commendation  bestowed,  ed  er  ful 
self  un.  less  able  ing  worthy,ly,ness.     un  ed. 

super,     dis  ed  er  ing,ly  ible. 
un.  Profane,  Profanus.    Irreverent  to   any   thing 

sacred,  to  pollute,     ed  er  ing  ly  ness  ity 

ation.     un  ed.     Fanum,  a  temple. 
un 

com  un  fore.  Promise,  Promissum.  Declaration  made  by 
one  person  to  another,  ed  er  ing  ee 
sory,ly.  un  ing.  com  ed  er  ing  sorial. 
uncom  ing.     Pro  and  Mitto,  to  setid. 

re 

im  re  un.  Print,  w.  To  impress  letters  or  figures — vari- 
ously used,  ed  er  ing  less,  un  ed. 
re  ed  ing.     im  ed  ing.     reim  ed  ing. 

im  un.  Propitiate,  Propitio.  To  conciliate,     ed  ing  ion 

or  ory  ble.  Propitious  ly  ness.  un  ous, 
ly.     im  ous. 


102 

IT  un.  Recover,  f.  To  gsin  any  thing,  to  obtain,    ed  or 

,  ing^eeable.     z^w  ed  able.     «>  able,ness 

ably. 
mis  out  un.  Reckon,  sax.  To  count,  compute,  esteem,  con- 
clude,    ed  er  ing.     un  ed.     out. 
un.  Rebuke,  norm.  To  chide,  reprove,  restrain,  or 

punish,    ed  er  ing  ful,ly  able,    un  able. 
un.  Replenish,  norm.  To  fill,  to  finish,  to  complete. 

ed  ing.     un  ed.     Flenus,  full. 
un.  Request,  jRequisitus.   Expression  of  desire,  pe- 

tition, ed  er  ing.  un  ed.  Quasro,  to  ask. 
non.  Resemble,  f.  To  bear  the  likeness  of,  in  any 

respect,    ance  ed  ing.    non  ance.  Simi- 

lis,  like. 
un.  Respite,  f.  Temporary  intermission,  delay,  to 

suspend,     ed  ing.     un  ed. 
un.  Restore,  J?estauro.  To  give  back,  replace,  or 

heal,    ed  er  ing  ment  al  able  ation  ative. 
}^  un  ed. 

in,  Re,trench,  f.  To  cut  off,  to  pare  away,  lessen 

or  abridge,     ed  ing  ment.     in  ed  ing 

ment.     U7iin  ed. 
ad  a  con.      Re,strict,  JRestrictus.  To  limit,  to  confine  within 

bounds,  ed  ing  ion  ive,ly.  con  ed  ing  or 

ion.    a  ed  ing  ion  ive  ory.    ad  ion  ory. 
ir  un.  Retrieve,  f.  To  recover,  regain,  or  repair,     ed 

ing  able,     ir  able,ness  ably. 
super  un.      Reward,  norm.  To  give  in  return  either  good  or 

evil,    ed  er  ing  able,ness.  un  ed.  super. 
dis  en  un.    Robe,  f.  A  kind  of  gown,  a  loose  garment,  to 

dress,     ed.     un  ed.     dis  ed  ing. 
mis  dis  un 

com  Re,pute,  J?eputo.  To  think,  to  account  or  reckon. 

un  ed,ly  ing  less  able,ness  ably  ation.     un 

able,  mis  ed.  dis  able  ation.  con  ed  er 
ist  ing  able  ation.  miscom  diiion.  imeder 
ing  able,ness  ation  ative, ly.  imim  able. 
Rota.  Turning  as  a  wheel  on  its  axis. 
te,ed,ion,ive,ory.     ciracmyion. 

Kingly,  noble,  magnificent,     ly  ty  ist 
ism  ize.     un.     super. 


tm. 


circum.         Rota^ry 
fiuper  un.     Royal, 


103 


super, 
un. 

super  un. 

unre. 

dis  un. 
un. 
ua. 
ob. 

un. 
pre. 

over  re  un. 

pre. 


non  over. 

super. 

super. 

un. 


Sali,ent,  Saliens.  Leaping,  moving  by  leaps. 

super ^ent^ency.     Salic,  to  leap.  " 

Sanction,    Sanctio.   Eatilication,   to   ratify  or  * 

confirm,      ed   ing.     2^72   ed.     Sanctus, 

from  Sancio,  sacred. 
Secular,  f.  Pertaining  to  things  of  this  world.  > 

ity   ize,ed,ing,ation  ness   ly.     un  ize. 

super.     Seculum,  the  worlds  an  age. 
Settle,  sax.  A  seat  or  bench,  to  fix  or  establish,  - 

to  fall  to  the  bottom.    ed,ness  ment  ing. 

un  ed,ness  ing.     re  ed  ing. 
Sever,  f.  To  part  by  violence,  to  separate,     al, 

ity,ize,ly,tyance.  untA.  <?w  ed  ing  ance. 
Slumber,  sax.  To  sleep  lightly,  sloth,  supine- 

ness.     er  ing  ous.     un  ing. 
Steady,  sax.  Firm,  constant,  regular,  to  keep : 

from  shaking,     ly  ness.     un  ly  ness. 
Stupef^y,  Stupefacio.  To  make  stupid,  dull,  to 

blunt   the   perception,     er  ing  ^action 

^active,    oijaction^active.     Stupeo,  to  be 

senseless.  '  • 

Supplant.  To  undermine,  to  trip  up  the  heels. 

ed  er  ing  ation.     un  ed.     Planta,  the- 

sole  of  the  foot. 
Suppose,  Sz^2?positus.  To  state  what  may  be, , 

to  imagine,     al  able  ed  er  ing  ition,al 

itive,ly  itory.   pre  al  ed  ing  ition.    Pono^  \ 

to  place  ;  Sub,  under. 
Supply,  Swppleo.  To  furnish  what  is  wanted, 

to  fill,     ed  er  ing.     un,     re  ed.     over, 

Pleo,  to  Jill.     (Rule  2.) 
pre 

Sur,mise,  norm.    To  suspect  without  certain 

knowledge,   suspicion,     ed  er   ing  al. 

pre.     pre. 
Sur,plus,  f.  Sur ;  lat.  Plus.  An  excess  of  any^ 

thing,     age.     super  age.     over,     non,  '• 
Terrestrial,  Terrestris.  Pertaining  to  the  earth. 

ly.     super.     Terra,  the  earth. 
Till,  sax.  To  cultivate  the  ground,     able  age 

er  ing  ed.     un  ed. 


104 

Wl.     .  Tire,  sax.  To  weary  or  fatigue.     ed,nesssome, 

ness  ing.    un  ed  ing. 
un 

en  in  un.  Tomb,  f.  and  Tumulus.  A  grave  or  vault  for 
the  dead.  less,  un,  in  ed  ing.  en 
ed  ing.     unen  ed.     Tumeo,  to  swell. 

super.  Tragic,  gr.  and  Tragicus.    Pertaining  to  tra 

gedy,  mournful.  al,lv,ness.  suyer  al. 
Tragedy  an.     (Kule  2.) 

semi.  Transpar^ent,  Trans-pareo.  Admitting  a  pas- 

sage for  light,  open,  .ency^entjlyjness. 
semi  ,ent,ency. 

mal.  Treat,  f.  To  manage,  to  discourse,  an  enter- 

tainment, ed  er  ing  y  ment  ise.  maZ 
ed  ing  ment. 

ir 

T%  Turn,  sax.    To  change   the  course — various 

senses,  ed  er  ing  ery.  re  ed  er  ing 
less  able,     irre  able. 

c  Vanish,  Vanesco.  To  disappear,  to  pass  away, 

ed  ing.     e  vanesc  ence  ent. 

over  un.  Veil,  Velum.  To  cover  or  hide,  a  cover  of  any 
kind,     un  ed,ly.     over. 

anti.  Varioloid,  lat.  Variolae  and  gr.  Eidos.   A  vari- 

ed form  resembling  small-pox.    anti. 

in.  Vinci,  ble,   Vinco.     That    may  be  overcome, 

ness.     e7z,ble,ness,bly. 

rt  on.  Visit,  Visito.  To  come  to  see,  to  attend,  the  act 

of  going,  ed  er  ing  ant  able  ation  orial 
atorial.  un  %d,.  re  ed  ing  ation.  Viso, 
.  -^  ■      ,.  from  Video,  to  see. 

un.  Vital,  Vitalis.  Pertaining  to  life,  either  animal 

or  vegetable,     ity  ize  ly.     Vita,  life. 

on.  Vitiate,  Vitio.  To  injure  the  substance  of  any 

thing,  to  make  it  impure,  ed  ing  ion. 
un  ed.     Vitium,  vice. 

un 

fore  un.  Warn,  sax.  To  give  notice  of  approaching 
danger,  to  caution,  ed  er  ing.  un  ed. 
fore  ed  ing.     unfore  ed. 


105 


over. 

semi, 
over  un. 
un. 
un. 
un. 

over  uUf 
un. 


on. 


un. 

un. 

un. 

misun. 

re 

after     in 
mis  un. 


re: 


IkW 


M 


Wlielm,  sax.  To  cover  witli  water  or  other  fluid, 
to  overburden,     ed  ing.     over  ing,ly. 

Metalloid.  Resembling  a  metal,  in  some  re- 
spects like  a  metal,     semi. 

Awe,  dan.  Fear  mingled  with  reverence,  ed 
ful,ly,ness.     over,     un  ed. 

Bleach,  sax.  To  whiten  or  make  white,  ed  er 
ing.     un  ed. 

Blind,  sax.  Destitute  of  the  sense  of  seeing, 
ed  ing  ly  ness  fold, ed, ing. 

Candid,  Candidus.  White,  fair,  open,  frank, 
free  from  bias,  impartial,  ly  ness.  un. 
Candeo,  to  be  white. 

Care,  sax.    Concern,  anxiety,  solicitude,  cau- 

\,  tion.     ful,ly,ness  less,ly,ness.     un  ed. 

over  ful.     Cura,  care. 

Contrite,  Contritus.  Broken-hearted  for  sin, 
humble,  penitent,  ly  ness  ion.  un. 
Tero,  tritum,  to  rub. 

Dedicate,  Dedico.  To  set  apart  and  consecrate 
to  a  sacred  use.  ed  ing  ion  or  ory.  un 
ed.     Dico,  to  consecrate. 

Mild,  sax.  Soft,  gentle,  not  acrid,  moderate, 
calm,     ly  ness.     un  ness. 

Ornament,  Ornamentum.  That  which  embel- 
lishes, to  adorn,    ed  ing  al,ly.    un  ed  al. 

Rectify,  Rectus-facio.  To  make  right,  to  cor- 
rect,    ed  er  ing  able  cation,     un  ed. 

Repine.  To  fret  one's  self,  to  murmur,  to  feel 
discontent,     er  ing,ly.     un  ing,ly. 

Shape,  sax.  To  form,  mold  or  adjust  the  form. 
"*    ly,ness  ed  less,ness.     un  en. 

State,  Status.  The  condition  of  any  thing,  rank, 
to  express,  body  politic.  ed,ly  ly,ness 
merit,  in  ed  ing.  reined  ing  ment.  after, 
un.     mis  ed  ing  ment.     Sto,  to  stand. 

Supine,  Supinus.  Lying  on  the  back,  heedless, 
indolent,   ly  ness  ator  ation.  re  ate,ion. 

Symmetry,  gr.  A  due  proportion  of  parts,  iza 
ical,ly.     un  ical.     a. 


106 

SECTION  XX. 

Seventh  Exercise. 

alL       Abandon,  f.  To  forsake  entirely,  to  renounce,  de- 
sert, or  resign. 
im.^    Abolish,  Aboieoj  abolitio.  To  make  void,  annul,  or 

destroy. 
un.       Abridge,  f.  To  make  shorter,  to  contract,  lessen,  or 

diminish.     Brevis,  short. 
uiL       Adapt.  Adagio,  Ada^tatus.  To  make  suitable,  to  fit 

to  the  use.     Apto,  to  Jit. 
I||^,      Addict,  Addico^    /l^fdictus.    To  apply  one's  self 

habitually  to  any  thing.     Dico,  to  dedicate. 
in.         Adequate,  Adequatus.    Equal  to,  fully  sufficient. 

^quus,  equal. 
un.       Adulterate,  Adulter©.  Tainted  by  adultery,  debased 

by  mixture, 
dis.      Advantage,  f.  Benefit,  to  yield  profit,  to  promote 

interest. 
un.       Alleviate,  ^Zlevio.    To  make  light,  to  remove  in 

part.     Levis,  light. 
un.       Ambition,  -4?wbitio.  A  desire  to  excel.    Am  and  Eo, 

to  go  around. 
un.  .    Ambiguous,  ^wbiguus.    Doubtful,  having  two  or 

more  meanings.     Am  and  Ago. 
un.       Amiable,  Amabilis.  Deserving  of  love  or  esteem. 

Amo,  to  lave.  * 
un.       Analyze,  gr.  To  resolve  a  body  into  its  elements, 

to  separate  a  compound. 
un.       Analogy,  gr.  Likeness  in  some  respects  between 

things. 
^j^.^     Apology,  gr.  An  excuse. 
JH^',,'  '^pease,   f.    To  make  quiet,  to  calm,  or  pacify. 

Pax,  Tpa.cis,  peace. 
un.       Apprise,  f.  To  inform  or  give  notice. 
un.       Arraign,  norm.    To  call  a  prisoner  to  the  bar,  to 

accuse. 
q^    ,  Assail,  f.  Ad-salio.    To  fall  upon  by  violence,  to 

attack. 


107 

CO.        Belligerent,  Bellum-Gerens.     Waging-  war. 

un.  Benefit,  J5e?zeficium.  An  act  of  kindness,  profit. 
Bene-facio,  to  do  well. 

un.        Blemish.  Any  mark  of  deformity,  reproach. 

un.  Cancel.  To  blot  out,  obliterate,  annul,  or  cross  out. 
Cancello,  to  cut  cross-ivise. 

un.       Censure,  Censjira.  The  act  of  blaming,  to  blame. 

un.       Clarify,  Clarus-facio.  To  mak  ^  clear  or  purify. 

in.  Clem^ency,  dementia.  Mildness  of  temper,  merci- 
ful.    Clemens,  mild. 

in.  Commensurate,  It.  and  Cowmensus.  Reducible  to 
the  same  measure.     Mensura,  a  measure. 

un.  Commiserate,  Commisereer,  Comrniseratus.  To  pity, 
or  feel  sorrow  for.     Miser,  miserable. 

in.  Combustion,  Combustio.  A  burning,  tumult  or  up- 
roar.    Cumhmo.tohurn',  from  Uro. 

in.  Compet,ent,  Co/wpetens.  Suitable,  fit,  adequate, 
sufficient  for. 

in.         Compatible,  f.  Consistent,  suitable,  agreeable. 

un.  Connive,  CoTzniveo.  To  close  the  eyes  upon  or  over- 
look a  fault.     Niveo,  to  wink. 

un.        Contumacy,  CoTztumacia.  Stubbornness,  obstinacy, 

unyieldinsr.     Tumeo,  to  swell. 
m         m. 

abs.  Con,tin,ence,  Cowtinentia.  Restraint  imposed  on  the 
passions.     Teneo,  to  hold. 

un.       Deify,  Deus-facio.  To  make  a  god,  to  exalt. 

mis.      Demean,  f.  To  behave  or  conduct  one's  self. 

un.  Demolish,  Demolior,  Demolitio.  To  throw  down, 
destroy,  or  lay  in  ruins.     Moles,  a  heap* 

in.  Delicate,  f.  and  Deliciae.  Of  a  fine  texture,  nice, 
feeble. 

un.  Deprave,  Depravo,  Depravatio.  To  make  bad  or 
corrupt,  to  impair.     Pravus,  wrongs  wicked. 

ex.  Des,ecrate,  i)e-sacro.  To  divert  from  a  sacred  pur- 
pose.    Sacer,  holy. 

un.  Discipline,  iJwciplina.  Education,  government,  cor- 
rection. Discipulus,  a  scholar,  from  disco, 
to  learn. 

in.  Discriminate,  Di^crimino.  To  distinguish  or  mark 
the  difference. 


m 

im.  Dissemble,  Dw-similo,  Dissimilatio.  To  disguise  or 
pretend  that  to  be  which  is  not,   Similis,  like. 

un.  Dissipate,  Dissipatus.  To  scatter,  disperse,  or  drive 
asunder. 

pre.  Dominate,  Dominatus.  To  rule  over,  to  govern. 
Domus,  a  house. 

in.         Ebriety,  Ebrietas.  Drunkenness. 

un.  Equivocate,  f.  and  iEquus-vocatus.  To  use  words 
of  a  doubtful  meaning.     Voco,  to  call. 

in.  Ex,hale,  £a;halo,  Exhalatio.  To  send  out  as  vapor, 
to  breathe  out.     Halo,  to  breathe. 

un.  Exhilerate,  J5a:hilero.  To  make  merry,  to  enliven, 
to  cheer.     Hilaris,  merry. 

un.  Except,  f.  To  leave  out,  to  exclude,  or  object  to. 
Ex-capio,  to  take  from. 

un.  Exorable,  jEa;orabilis.  That  may  be  moved  by  en- 
treaty.    Oro,  to  entreat ;  Os,  the  mouth. 

un.  Expand,  £a:pando,  Expansum.  To  enlarge,  spread, 
or  open. 

in.         Ex,trinsic,  Extrinsicus.   External,  outward.      > 

un.  Extol,  £a:tollo.  To  raise  in  words,  to  praise,  or  eu- 
logize. 

con.  Federate,  Federatus.  Leagued  or  united.  Fcedus, 
a  covenant. 

in.  Fidelity,  Fidelitas.  Faithfulness,  honesty.  Fides, 
faith. 

Tin.        Frustrate,  Frustro.  To  defeat  or  disappoint. 

con.  Gratulate,  Gratulor.  To  express  joy.  Gratus,  gra^e- 
ful. 

un.       Hallow,  sax.  To  make  holy,  to  consecrate. 

in.         Hearse,  f.  A  carriage  for  the  dead,  to  put  in  a  hearse. 

un.  Humble,  Humilis.  Lowly,  meek,  modest,  to  abase 
or  subdue,  to  mortify.     Humus,  the  ground. 

in.  Hospitable,  Hospitabilis.  Kindness  to  strangers, 
'  -•'    i  kindness.     Yio^^es,  a  guest. 

de.        In,crease,  Jwcresco.  To  become  greater  in  any  sense. 

ex.  In,humate,  /whumo.  To  bury  or  inter  the  dead. 
Humus,  the  ground. 

un.  Initiate,  Initio.  To  instruct  in  first  principles,  to  in- 
troduce.    Eo,  to  go ;  In,  into. 

un.       Insulate,  Insula.  To  place  in  a  detached  situation. 


109 

ex.        In,ternal,  Internus.  Intrinsic.  "^         *** 

il.         Luxury,. Luxuria.    Extravagant  indulgence  in  any 

thing. 
im.       Maculate,  Maculo.  To  spot  or  stain.  Marula.,  a  stai?i. 
im.       Martial,   Martialis.  Pertaining  to  War.     Mars,  the 

god  of  ivar. 
un.        Mutilate,  Mutilo.  To  cut  or  break  off,  as  a  limb. 
pre.       Notion,    Notio.     Opinion,    sentiment,    conception. 

Nosco,  io  know. 
in.         Novation,  Novatum.  To  change  or  alter.  Novus,7zett'. 
in.        Nutritjion,  Nutritio.  Promoting  growth,  that  which 

nourishes.     Nutrio,  to  nurse 
pre.      Omen,  Omen.  A  sign,  indication,  prognostic. 
im.       Penitent,  Pa3nitens.  One  w^ho  repents  of  his  sins, 

suffering  sorrow  on  account  of  sins.    Posna, 

'punishment. 
un.        Perjury,  Perjurium.  Wilfully  making  a  false  oath. 

Juro,  to  swear. 
UD.        Persecute,  Persecutus.  To  pursue  to  injure,  vex,  or 

harass.     Sequor,  to  follow. 
im.     *Pertin^ent,  Pertinens.    Related   to    the   matter   in 

hand.     Teneo,  to  hold. 
im.        Placable,  Placabilis.  That  may  be  appeased.  Placo, 

to  appease. 
im.        Polity,  gr.  The  form  of  civil  government.     Polis, 

a  city. 
un.        Popular,  Popularis.    Beloved  by,  or  pertaining   to 

the  common  people. 
im.        Probity,  Probitas.  Tried  virtue,  strict  honesty.  Pro- 
bus,  honest. 
un.        Precarious,  Precarius.  Uncertain,  a  doubtful  tenure, 
ap.        Proximate,    Proximatus.    Nearest,   next,    drawing 

near.     Prope,  near.     ' 
un.        Prejudice,  Prejudicium,  Pre-judico.  Prejudgment, 

mischief,  damage. 
e.  Radicate,  Radicatus.  To  root  or  plant  deeply.    Ra- 

dix, <z  root. 
tn.        Rapture,  Raptus.  Ecstacy,  transport,  a  seizing  by 

violence.     Rapio,  to  snatch. 
I.  Rasure,   Rasura.    The  act  of  scraping  or  erasing. 

Rado,  to  scrape. 


MO 

un.        Relent,  Relentesco.    To  soften  in  any  sense«  less 
rigid.     Lenis,  mild. 

un.        Refract,  jRefractus,   To  break  the  natural  course  in 
rays  of  light. 

un.        Repugnant,  Repugnans.  Opposite,  contrary,  fighting 
against.     Pugnus,  the  fist. 

un.       Resent,  f.  and  jResentio.  To  take  ill,  to  be  offended. 
Sentio,  to  think. 

un.        Rescue,  norm.  To  deliver,  or  save  from. 

un.        Reserve,  i^eservo,-  Reservatum.  To  keep  in  store, 
held  back  in  the  mind. 

ir.  Resolute,  f.  Having  a  fixed  purpose,  firm,  bold. 

un.        Reveal,  i^evelo,  Revelatus.  To  disclose,  to  show  or 
make  known.    Velo,  to  omer. 

un.        Ridicule,  Ridiculum.  Contemptuous  laughter.     Ri- 
deo,  to  mock. 

in.        Salubrious,  Salubris.  Favorable  to  health.     Salus, 
safety^  health. 
Servile,  Servilis.   Slavish,  mean,  fawning.  Servus, 
a  servant. 

un.        Sophist,  gr.  and  Sophista.  A  professor  of  philoso- 
phy, a  captious  reasoner.     Sophia,  wisdom. 

un.        Special,  Specialis.  Particular,  extraordinary.    Spe- 
cio,  to  see. 

in.        Suavity,  Suavitas.  Sweetness  (in  its  sense),  agree- 
ableness,  pleasantness.     Suavis,  sweet. 

un.        Superfluous,  Sw^erfiuus,  Super-fluo.    Overflowing, 
more  than  is  needful. 

re.         Suscilate,  Sz^^cito.  To  rouse,  to  call  into  life  or  action. 

un.        Suspicious,  Sz^^piciosus.  Inclined  to  suspect.     Spe- 
cie, to  look  or  see. 

un.        System,  Systema.  An  assemblage  of  things  or  prin- 
ciples adjusted,  order. 

in.        Timid,  Timidus.    Fearful,  wanting  courage.     Ti- 
meo,  to  fear. 

in.         Tolerance,  Tolerans.  The  power  or  act  of  doing  or 
permitting.     Tollo,  to  bear  or  suffer. 

in.         Tranquil,  Tranquillus.   Quiet,  calm,  peaceful. 

bi.        Uni,com,  Unus-cornu.  An  animal  with  one  horn. 

in.        Urbane,   Urbanus.     Civil,  courteous  in  manner. 
Urbs,  a  city. 


'     111 

in.  Utility,  Utilitas.  Usefulness  (in  the  sense  of  the 
word).     Utor,  to  use. 

c.  Vacate,  Vaco,  Vacuo.  Empty,  to  make  void. 

un.        Vanquish,  f.  To  conquer,  overcome,  or  refute. 

un.  Venerate,  Veneror,  Veneratio,  Venerabilis.  To  re- 
gard with  veneration.  Oro,  to  ask  ;  Venia, 
favor. 

in.         Vigilance,  Vigilans.  State  of  being  awake,  watchful. 

in.  Vulnerate,  Vulnero.  To  wound,  to  hurt.  Vulnus, 
a  wound. 


SECTION  XXI. 

Eighth  Exercise.  ^ 

N.  B.  In  many  words  in  and  tm  alternate,  as  ungrateful 
and  ingratitude  ;  dis  and  mis,  according  to  Dr.  Webster, 
may  with  propriety  be  prefixed  to  many  words  where  they 
are  now  omitted.  The  same  is  true  of  several  other  pre- 
fixes forming  words  not  in  common  use. 

dis  in.  Abuse,  f.  To   use  ill,  improper  treatment,  or 

perverted  use.  •  Ab  and  Utor,  to  use. 

over  super.  Abound,  Abundo,  Abundans.  To  possess  much 
of,  bping  very  prevalent.     Undo  (obso- 
lete) ;  whence,  Unda,  a  wave. 
un  un 

ar  de.  Ab,rogate,  Abrogo.  To  repeal  or  annul,  by  au- 

thority, to  call  from.     Rogo,  to  begj  de- 
sire, ask. 

misun.  Accept,  ^ccepto.  To  receive  what  is  offered, 
to  consent  or  agree  to.     Capio,  to  take. 

un.  Accomplish,  f.    To  complete,   gain,  or  finish 

entirely.     Pleo,  to  Jill. 
un 

con  dis.  Ac,cord,  f.  To  agree  of  our  own  will,  harmony 
of  minds.  Probably,  Cor,  cordis,  the 
heart. 

tn.  Accurate,  ilccuratus.    In  exact  conformity,  in 

the  sense  used.     Oura,  care. 


re  un.  Adjust,  sp.   To  put  in  order,  to  make  exact,  to 

settle.     Jus,  leg-al  or  right. 
un 

con  in.         Af,flict,  Af^ictus.    To  give   pain  to  body  or 

mind,  to  grieve.     Fligo,  to  beat. 
CO  re  under.  Agent,  A^ns.     An  actor,  an  active  cause  or 

power.     Ago,  to  do  or  drive. 
dis  un.  Agree,/.    To  be  of  one  mind,  to  assent  to  or 

admit,  concordant.  Gratia,  from  gratus, 

favor. 
dis  un.         Allow,  f.  To  grant,  yield,  admit,  approve,  or 

afford.     Laus,  praise. 
inter  pre.      Al,lude,  ^Zludo,  AUusum.  To  refer  to,  to  l\int 

at.     Ad  and  Ludo,  to  play. 
e.  Il,lude  (same  root).    To  play  upon  by  artifice, 

to  deceive,  or  mock. 
de.  Col,lude  (same  root).  To  play  into  the  hand  of 

each  other,  to  conspire  in  a  fraud, 
dis  un.  Allay.    To  make  quiet,  pacify,  or  appease. 

in  un.  Alter,  Alter,  Alteratio.    To  change,  or  in  any 

respect  make  different.     Alter,  another. 
un 

•^^,.41?..  A,muse,  f.  ,To  entertain  the  mind,  to  occupy 

.   ■  *■    '  the  attention.     Musa,  a  song. 

re  un.  Annex,  ^wnecto.  To  join  to,  to  affix,  unite,  or 

subjoin.     Necto,  to  tie  or  link. 
un 

e  pro.  An,nounce,  Ad-nuntio.    To  publish,  proclaim 

to,  or  pronounce,  to  declare  to.  Nun- 
cius,  a  messeiiger. 

semi  super.  Annu^al,  f.  and  Annus.  Yearly,  returning 
.  '.  every  year. 

zm. '     '      'Apjpeach.    To  accuse,  to  censure.     Peccoi  ifo 

do  wrong. 
in  un.  Applicable.  Suitable,  fit,  or  proper.  Plico,  to  fold. 

in  un.  Approach,  f.  To  come  near,  to  advance,  to  have 

access.     Prope,  near. 
dis  un.  ^        Array,  norm.  Order  of  troops,  to  deck,  or  dress, 
in  un.  Art,  Ars,  Artifex,  Artificis.     Modification  of 

things  by  human  skill. 


113 

m  un.  Articulate,  Articulatus.    To  utter  words  dis- 

tinctly.    Artus,  a  joint. 

re  un.  Assemble,  f.    To  collect  in  numbers,  to  meet 

together. 

re  un.  Assert,  -45sertum.    To  affirm,  aver,  maintain, 

or  defend.     Sero,  to  sow  or  plant. 

re  un.  Attack,  f.    To  assault  or  assail  by  force  or 

words.  ^    ,     , 

un        '        un 

re.  A,venge,  f.  To  take  satisfaction  for  an  injury. 

Vindex,  a  punisher. 

dis  un.  Avow,  f.  To  declare  openly,  to  own  or  confess. 

Voveo,  to  vow. 

in  pre.  Audible,  Audibilis.  That  may  be  heard.     Au- 

dio, to  hear. 

dis  ex  un.  Author,  Auctor.  The  writer  of  a  book,  first 
mover. 

re  un.  Baptize,  gr.  To  administer  baptism. 

over  un.       Bend,  sax.  To  crook,  incline  or  curve,  to  subdue. 

out  un.         Blush,  d.  To  redden  in  the  cheeks,  reddish  color. 

de  en.  Camp,  Campus.  Ground  occupied  by  an  army, 

to  camp. 

in.  Cap^able,  f.    Able  to  hold,  having  sufficient 

capacity.     Capio,  to  hold  or  take. 

in  re.  Capacious,  Capax,  Capacitas.  Wide,  large,  ex- 

tensive.    Capio. 

re  un.  Celebrate,  Celebro.   To  praise  or  distinguish. 

Celebris,  renovmed. 

in  un.  Chaste,  f.  Pure,  uncorrupted.     Castus,  pure. 

in  un.  Civil,  Civilis.  Relating  to  policy,  sober,  well- 

bred.     Civis,  a  citizen. 

en  out.  Compass,  f.  To  extend  around,  to  attain  or  to 
contrive. 

re  un.  Compensate,  CoTrapenso.  To  make  amends,  to 

give  an  equivalent.     Pendo,  to  weigh 

or  pay. 
un  ^  ^ 

dis.  Com,placent,    Cowplacens.  Civil,  softness  of 

manners.     Placeo,  to  please. 

in  un.  Conclude,  Ccmcludo,  Conclusum.     To  decide, 

finish,  infer,  or  shut. 


m 

dis  pre.  Concert,  It.  To  contrive  and  settle  an  agree- 
ment. 

in  un.  Condition,  Conditio.    Particular  state  of  any- 

thing.    Do,  to  give  or  bestow. 

ir  un 

re  un.  Conciliate,  Concilio.  To  win,  reconcile,  or  gain 
the  affections.     Concilium,  a  council. 

after  mis.     Conduct,  sp.  Good  or  bad  actions,  behavior. 

in  un.  Congeal,  Co?2gelo,  Congelatum.    To   become 

stiff  or  thick.     Ge\\Xy  frost. 

dis  in.  CongrUjOus,    Co^zgruus.    Suitable,  consistent, 

fit.     Grus,  a  swan. 
_     reun 

de.  Con,secrate,  CoTzsecro,  Consecratus.     To   set 

apart,  or  make  sacred.     Sacer,  sacred. 

anti  non.  Contagi,on,  CoTztagio..  Communicating  by- 
touch,  a  touch.     Tango,  to  touch. 

in  un.  Control,  f.    To  keep  under  check,  to  restrain, 

or  govern, 
dis 

con  in.  Corporate,  Corporatus.  United  in  a  body.  Cor- 
pus, a  body. 

in.  Corporeal.  Having  a  material  body,  opposed  to 

spirit.     Corpus. 

in  un.  Corrupt,  Corruptus.    To  vitiate  in  any  sense. 

Rumpo,  to  break. 

dis  en.  Courage,  f.  Bravery,  valor,  boldness. 

en  un.  Damage,  f.  Any  hurt,  injury,  or  loss,  to  harm. 

be  un.  Dazzle,  sax.  To  overpower  with  light,  to  blind 

by  glare. 

dis  re 


em.  De,bark,  f.  To  land  from  a  ship,  boat,  &c. 

un 
^  Debt,  Debitum.  Whatever  is  owing  from  one 

to  another.     Debeor,  to  be  due. 
in.  Decent,  Decens.  Becoming  in  words,  behavior, 

dress,  or  appearance.  Decet,  it  becomes. 
un 

en.  Dear,  sax.  High  price,  beloved  or  precious, 

in  un.  Decide,  Decido,  Decisum.  To  end  or  determine, 

,  to  fix.     C»do,  to  cut  or  slay. 


115 

de  in.  Decorous,  Decorus.    Decent,  suitable,   or  be- 

coming.    Decet,  becomijig. 

in  un.  Define,  Defino,  Definitio.  To  determine  or  mark 

the  limit,  to  bound.     Finis,  the  end. 

re  un.  Deliver,  f.    To  free,  release,  surrender,  utter, 

or  pronounce.     Liber,  free. 

ante  post.  Deluge,  Diluvium.  An  overflowing  of  water, 
to  overwhelm.     Diluo,  to  wash. 

in  un.  Demonstrate,  Demonstro.    To  prove  beyond  a 

doubt.     Monstro,  to  show. 
un  un 

im.  De,plore,Deploro.  To  lament,  bewail,  to  mourn, 

to  cry  out. 
un 

pre.  Destine,  Destino,  Destinatio.    To  ordain,  ap- 

point, or  devote. 
en  in.  De,velop,  f.    To  uncover,  disclose,  or  unravel. 

Velo,  to  cover  or  conceaL 
in  un.  Discern,  Dzscerno.  To  separate  by  the  eye  or 

understanding. 
in  un.  Discreet,  f.  Prudent,  in  avoiding  evil,  cautious, 

not  rash.     Cemo,  to  discern  or  sift. 
re  un.  Discuss,  Dzscussum.    To  debate  or  agitate  by 

argument.  Cutio,  from  quatio,  to  shake; 

Dis,  apart. 
in  un.  Dispute,  Dwputo,  Disputatio.     To  contend  in 

argument,  strife.     Puto,  to  settle. 
un 

ex.  Dis,til,  Dzstillo,  Distillatio.    To  flovir  in  drops, 

or  extract  by  heat.     Stilla,  a  drop. 

re  un.  Edify,  Edifico,  Edificatus.  To  build,  to  instruct 

or  improve  the  mind.     jEdes,  a  house. 
un  un 

de.  Ef,face,  f.    To  blot  out,  erase,  to  impair  any 

impression.     'Ex  a.nd  Fades ^  the  form. 
in  over.        Eleg^ant,  Elegans.    Polished,  polite,  refined, 

beautiful, 
dis  un.  Embarrass,  f.  To  perplex,  entangle,  or  render 

intricate. 
pre  super.     Bmin^ent,    jBminens.  Hiffh,  lofty,  exalted   in 

rank.     Mineo,  to  hang  over. 


116 

mis  un.        Employ,  f.  To  occupy  the  time,  or  in  any  way 
be  engaged. 
un 

per.  En,dure,  f.  To  last,  remain,  undergo.     Durus, 

hard. 

in.  Evitable,  jEvitabilis.    That  may  be  shunned. 

Vito,  to  slum. 

super  self.    Exalt,  f.  To  raise  high,  to  elevate.  Altus,  high. 

in  un.  Exhaust,  £a;haustum.     To  draw  out,  to  drain, 

to  use  the  whole.  Haurio,  to  drain  or 
draw  ;  Ex,  out. 

ad  de.  Ex,hort,    Exhortor,    Exhortatus.     To   advise, 

caution,  or  urge  by  words. 

in  un.  Expedi^ent,  jBa:pediens.    Suitable  for  the  pur- 

pose, useful. 

in  iin.  Experi^ence,  jEarperiens.    Series  of  trials,  ob- 

servation.    Peritus,  ^ried. 

in  un.  Explain,    Earplano,    Explanatum.     To   make 

plain,  expound.     Planus,  smooth. 

in  un.  Expose,  f.  and  ^zpositus.    To  lay  open,  un- 

cover, to  make  liable,  to  offer.  Ex  and 
Pono,  to  lay  out. 

in  un.  Fabricate,  Fabrico.  To  frame,  construct,  form 

manufacture. 

in  un.  Fail,  f.  To  become  deficient,  to  decay,  desert. 

de  in.  Fame,  Fama.  Public  report,  renown,  rumor. 

mis  un.  Fashion,  f.  The  make  or  form  of  any  thing, 
to  shape. 

dis  un.  Favor,  f.  Kind  regard,  or  act,  to  resemble,  to 

befriend.     FsiYeo,  to  favor. 

counter  un.  Ferment,  Fermentum.  To  heat,  or  work,  to 
set  in  motion. 

in  un.  Fertile,  f.  and  Fertilis.  Fruitful,  rich,  inventive. 

in.  Felicity,   Felicitas.     Happiness,    blessedness, 

prosperity.     Felix,  happy. 

in 

de  in.  Finite,  Finitus.  Having  a  limit.  Finis,  the  end. 

con  de.         Flag,rant,  Flagrans,  Flagratum.    Burning,  ar- 
dent, glaring. 
bi  un.  Fold,  sax.  A  pen,  enclosure,  a  plait,  to  double. 

in  un.  Frequ,ent,  Frequens.  Often,  to  be  often  at. 


117 

in  re.  Frigid,  Frigidus,  Refrigero.   Cold,  dull,  want- 

ing zeal.     Frigus,  cold. 

in  un.  Frugal,  Frugalis.  A  prudent  use  of  any  thing. 

Fruges,  fruits. 

over  un.  Fruit,  f.  Whatever  the  earth  produces,  a  con- 
sequence.    Fructus,  fruit. 

un 

af.  Fright,  sax.  Sudden  fear,  terror. 

re  un.  Gain,  f.  To  obtain  or  win — used  in  various 
senses.  i^ 

con  sub.  Globe,  Globus.  A  round  ball  or  sphere. 

in  un.  Grateful,  Gratus.  A  due  sense  of  benefits. 

be  un.  Grudge,  w.  To  envy  or  murmur,  hatred. 
un 

be.  Guile,  f.  Craft,  cunning,  artifice. 

dis 

1^       *  Herit,able.  Capable  of  being  inherited.  Hseres, 

-   '  an  heir. 

in  super.  Human,  Humanus.  Belonging  to  man. 

in  un.  Humane,  Humanus.  Having  feelings  peculiar 

to  man,  kindness. 

IT  un 

*^.     ^  Im,pair,  f.  To  make  worse  in  any  sense.  Paro, 

to  make  or  shape. 

re  un.  Importune,  /TTiportunus.    To  request  with  ur- 

gency.    Porto,  to  carry. 

mis  un.         Improve,  norm.   To  make  better  in  any  sense. 

dis  un.  Ingenuous.  Ingenuus.  Open,  frank,  fair,  noble. 

re  t 

en.  In,list.  To  enter  military  service,  to  engage  in. 

mis.  Interpret,  Interpretor,  Interpretatio.  To  explain 

words,  or  any  thing. 

in  un.  Irritate,  Irrito.    To  excite  anger,  to  fret,  excite 

heat.     Ira,  anger. 

dis  re  un.  Joint,  f.  The  joining  of  two  or  more  things. 
Jungo,  to  join. 

self  un.       Justify,  Justus-facio.     To  make  just,  to  defend. 

di  Lacerate,  Lacero.    To  tear  or  rend  with  vio- 

lence. 


lis 


un 
en. 

un 
il  ^. 

il  over. 
un 

s: 

un 
e. 

mis  un. 
be  un. 
non  un. 

im  un. 

com  im. 

im  un. 

im  inter. 

un 
pre  un. 

im  un. 
all  un. 
a  im. 

re  un. 

im  un. 

ac  disac 
com. 


Large,  Largus.  Big,  wide,  copious. 
License,   Licentia.     Leave   or   permission   to 
grant.     Liceo,  to  he  lawful. 

Literate,  Literatus.  Learned,  lettered,  scien- 
tific.    Litera,  a  letter. 

Liberal,  Liberalis.  Of  a  free  heart,  generous. 
Liber,  free. 

Lure,  f.  Any  enticement  held  out,  to  entice. 

Mancipate,   iliawcipo.     To   enslave,   to  bind. 

Manus,  the  hand,  and  Capio,  to  take. 
Manage,  f.  To  conduct,  govern,  or  direct. 
Mangle,  dan.    To  cut  with  a  dull  instrument. 
Manufacture,  f.    and  Manu-facio.    Any  thing 

made  by  hand. 
Malleable,  f.  Malleatus.    That  may  be  drawA 

out  or  hammered.    Malleus,  a  hammer. 
Material,  f.  and  Materia.  Consisting  of  matter, 

important. 
Mechanic,   Mechanicus.    A   person  skilled  in 

the  arts. 
Mediate,   f.    Middle,  to   interpose,  to  effect  a 

union.     Medius,  the  middle. 

Meditate,  Meditor.  To  contemplate,  intend  or 

plan. 
Melody,  gr.  Agreeable  succession  of  sounds. 
Mercy,  f.  Mildness,  favor,  kindness. 
Method,    Methodus.     Suitable    arrangement, 

order. 
Mind,  sax.  Intellect,  purpose,  to  fix  the  thoughts, 

to  obey. 
Mitigate,  Mitigo.  To  alleviate,  abate,  or  calm. 

Mitis,  mild. 
(  Mode,      Modus-facio.     Manner  of  existing, 
(  Modify.  method,  form. 


119 

im  over.       Modest,   Modestus.    Sense   of  propriety,   not 

bold.     Modus,  a  manner, 
un 

im.  Mortal,  Mortalis.  A  human  being,  deadly,  sub- 

ject to  death.     Mors,  death. 

im  un.  Mortify,  f.  Mors-facio.    To  destroy  vital  func- 

tions, to  humble. 

equi  sub.  Multiply,  Multi^\\Q,o,  Multiplicatus.  To  in- 
crease as  numbers.  Multus  and  Plico, 
many  times  involved  ox  folded. 

ir 

re.  Munerate,  Munero,  Muneratus.   To  rew^ard  or 

recompense.     Munus,  a  gift. 
in 

eT  Narrate,   Narro.     To  tell,  rehearse,  relate,  or 

—  write. 

de  inter.       Nation,  Natio.    A  body  of  people  under  one 

government.     Nascor,  to  he  boivi. 
equi  un.       Necess^ity,  iVecessitas.    That  which  cannot  be 
otherwise, 
un 

inob.  Noxious,     Noxius.      Hurtful     or    pernicious, 

guilty. 
un 

dis  un.  Oblige,  f.  To  Constrain,  to  please,  or  to  do  a 

favor.     Ligo,  Zo  bind. 
de  un.  Obstruct,  Obstructum.  To  block  up,  hinder,  or 

stop. 
CO  pre.  Option,    Optio.    PoAver   of    choosing,   choice. 

Opto,  to  choose. 
in 

CO  in  sub.  Ordinate,  Ordinatus.  Regular,  methodical,  a 
line.     Ordo,  order,  rank. 

ab  un.  Origin,  Origo.  First  existence,  foundation. 

re  un.  Pacific,  Pacificus,  Pacificatio.    Making  peace, 

calm  or  tranquil.     Pax  and  Facio. 

dis  im.  Parity,  f.  Equality,  like  state  or  degree.    Par, 

equal. 
un 

im  em.  Pass, ion,  Passio.  An  excitement  of  the  mind, 
ardor,  suffering.     Patior,  to  suffer. 


120 

im  un.         Patron,  Patronus.    Qne  who  countenances  or 

supports.     Pater,  a  father. 
im  un.  Perish,  f.  To  die,  in  a  state  of  decay, 

im  un.  Plausible,  Plausibilis.  That  may  be  applauded. 

Plaudo,  to  applaud. 
dis  un.  Please,  Placeo.    To  excite  agreeable  emotions, 

to  satisfy. 
com  counter.  Petition,  Petitio.  Request  or  prayer,  to  make 

request.     Peto,  to  ask  or  seek, 
im  un.  Polite,   Politus.    Courteous,   refined,   smooth. 

gr.  Polls,  a  city. 
im  un.         ^Precise,    Pr«cisus.     Exact   nice    or    formal. 

Csedo,  to  cut. 
counter  un.  Practice,  f.  Customary  actions,  to  do  frequently, 
im  un.  Prepare,  Pr c^paro,  Praeparatum.  To  fit,  adapt, 

make  ready, 
im  un.  Prosper,  Prospero.  To  favor,  render  successful, 

to  thrive.     Spes,  hope. 
im  un.  Provide,  Provideo,  Provisum.    To  procure  be- 

forehand, to  foresee.     Video,  to  see. 
un  juris.       Prud,ence,    Prudentia.     Wisdom   applied   to 

practice,  caution. 
re  un.  Publish,  Publico,  Publicatio.  To  make  public, 

utter,   or  print  a  book.     Populus,  the 

people. 
im  un.  Pure,  Purus.  Free  from  all  impurities,  genuine, 

bi  sub.         Quadrate,  Quadratus.    A  square,  four  equal 

sides.     Quatuor,/owr. 

fore  mis.       Quote,  f.  To  cite  as  a  passage  from  another 

author,  to  name, 
all 

en  out.         Rage,  f.  Violent  anger,  fury,  to  rage. 

ir  un.  Redeem,  jRedimo.    To  purchase  back  or  ran- 

som.    Emo,  to  buy. 

dis  un.  Regard,  f.  To  look  towards,  observe — ^has 
many  senses. 

ir  un  Revere,  i^everor.  To  regard  with  fear  mingled 

with  respect.     Vereor,  to  fear. 

ir  un.  Remedy,  Remedium.  That  which  cures  a  dis- 

ease, or  counteracts  evil. 


121 

ir  un.  Reproach,  f.  To  censure,  upbraid,  or  treat  with 

scorn, 
after  mis.     Repcyt,  iJeporto.    To  bear  back  an  answer, 

something  told.  Porto,  to  hear ;  Re,  back 
non 

pre.  Re,side,  jR^sido,  Residens.    To  have  a  settled 

abode,  to  dwell.     Sedeo,  to  sit  oi  fix, 
un 

super.  Re, vise,  jRevisus.  To  review,  to  re-examine,  or 

correct.     Video,  to  see  ;  Re,  agai7i. 
cor  out  un.  Rival,  Rivalis.    One  striving  for  an  object  in 

opposition, 
all  an.  Sanctify,  Sanctifico,  Sanctificatio.    To   make 

holy,  to  set  apart.  Sanctus  an4  Facio. 
in  non.  Sane,  San  us.  Sound,  healthy,  having  reason. 
inun.  Satiate;    Satiatus.     To   fill,   satisfy,   or  glut. 

Satis,  enough. 
dis  un.  Satisfy,  Satisfacio.  To  gratify  the  wants,  sup- 

ply, pay,  convince.     Satis  and  Facio. 
demi  semi.   Savage,  f.  Wild,  untamed,  uncivilized,  cruel, 

barbarous. 
in  per.  Scrutiny,  f.  and  Inscrutabilis.     Close  search, 

minute  inquiry.     Scrutor,  to  search. 
in  un.  Separate,    Sgparo,    Separabilis.    To  disunite, 

divide  or  part. 
a  un.  ^Aame,  sax.    Painful  sensation  arising  from  a 

sense  of  guilt. 
con  in.         Signify,    Significo,    Significatio.     To  express 

meaning. 
in  un.  Siiicere,  Sincerus,  Sinceritas.   Pure,  unmixed, 

real,  not  feigned.  Sine,  tvithout ;  Cera, 

-.  wax^  or  pwre,  unmixed. 

dis  un 

en.  Slave,  dan.  One  held  at  the  will  of  another,  a 

servant,  mean  fellow, 
dis. 

e.  Spouse,  f.  One  engaged  in  wedlock,  to  wed. 

in  un.  Stable,  Stabilis.  Fixed,  steady,  durable.     Sto, 

to  stand. 
un 

^.  Strew,  goth.  To  scatter  or  spread. 


122 


in. 

in 
con. 

dis. 


mun. 


at  un. 

in  sub. 

reun 
at. 

in  un. 

at  ex. 

ab 

in. 

be  fore, 
mis  un. 

over  un. 


Subordinate,  Sub-ordinatus.  Inferior  in  the 
sense  as  used.     Ordo,  rank  or  order. 

SubjSequent,  Sz^&sequens.  Following  in  time 
or  order.     Sequor,  to  follow  or  -pursue. 

Suc,cinct,  SMccinctus.  Brief,  compressed,  tuck- 
ed up. 

Support,  S^pporto.  To  bear,  sustain,  uphold, 
maintenance. 

Sulphur,  f.  A  simple  combustible  substance, 
yellow. 

Survey,  norm.  To  take  a  view  of,  to  measure, 
examine.  Video,  to  see ;  Sur,  for  Su- 
per, over. 

Sur,vive,  f.  and  Supeiv'ivo.  To  outlive,  to  re- 
main alive.     Vivo,  to  live. 

Susceptible,  Swscipio.  Capable  of  some  addi- 
tion, tender,  nice  sensibility.  Capio, 
to  take. 

Spoil,  Spolio,  Spoliatio.  To  plunder,  rob,  cor- 
rupt, ruin,  that  which  is  taken.  Spo- 
lium. 

Taint,  Tingo.  To  imbue,  corrupt,  stain,  infect, 
or  poison. 

Tangjible,  Tango,  Tangens.  To  perceive  by 
the  touch.     Tango,  to  touch. 

Tempt,  f.  and  Tentatus.    To  incite  to  evil,  to 

entice.     Tento,  to  try. 
Tenable,  f.  Teneo.  That  maybe  held  or  main* 

tained. 
TenUjOUS,  Tenuis.  Thin,  small,  minute. 

Testate,  Testatus.  Having  left  a  will.     Testis, 

a  witness. 
Token,  sax.  A  sign  or  mark. 
Torture,  f.  and  Tortor.    Extreme  anguish  of 

body  or  mind,  to  inflict  pain. 
Thwart,  dan.    To  transverse,  to  cross  or  op* 

pOjM. 


123 


m  un. 

mis  un. 

dis  re. 

dis  re. 

in. 

de  e. 
<un. 

per  un 

con  di. 
re 
in. 
in  un 

semi  un. 
dis  mis. 

un 

inter  in. 

mis  un. 
un 

all  un. 
in  be. 


Tractable,  Tractabilis.    That  may   be  easily 

led  or  taught.     Tracto,  to  drag. 
Translate,  Translatus.    To  interpret,  to  bear 

from  one  place  to  another.  Trans-fero. 
Union,  f.  and  Unus.    The  act  of  joining,  a 

conjunction. 
Unite,  Unitus.  To  put  together,  join,  or  cause 

to  adhere.     Unio,  to  unite. 
Valid,   Validus.    Having   sufficient   strength, 

powerful.     Valeo,  to  be  strojig. 
Vapor,  Vapor.  Invisible  elastic  fluid,  steam. 
Ventilate,  Ventilo.  To  fan  with  wind,  to  make 

a  free  passage.     Ventus,  the  wind. 

Venture,  f.    A  hazard,  undertaking,  to  dare. 

Venio,  to  come. 
Verge,  Vergo.  To  tend  downwards. 

Vigor,  Vigor.  Active  strength,  energy. 
Violate,  Violo,  Violabilis.     To  injure,  hurt,  or 

infringe. 
Vitrify,  Vitrum-facio.  To  convert  into  glass. 
Vouch,  norm.  To  call  to  witness,  to  declare,  or 

warrant.     Voco,  to  call. 

Wail.  To  lament. 

Weave,  sax.  To  unite  threads  in  making  cloth, 

to  insert. 
Wed,  sax.   To  marry  or  espouse. 

Witch,  sax.    A  woman  practising  sorcery,  to 

fascinate. 
Worth,  sax.  Value,  importance. 
Wrap,  sax.  To  wind,  foid,  enclose. 


124 

SECTION  XXII. 

Ninth  Exercise. 

re  un.  Accelerate,  ^ccelero.  To  quicken,  to  hasten  in 

any  sense.     Celer,  swift. 

super  un.  Add,  -4^do.  To  set  or  put  together,  to  unite. 
Do,  to  give  ;  Ad,  to. 

in 

CO  in.  Adjhere,    -4<fhaereo,   Adhaesum.    To   stick  or 

cleave  together,    to  unite.     Haereo,  to 

stick. 
re  un.  Adjourn,  f.  To  defer  to  another  day,  or  for  an 

intermission. 
re  un.  Adopt,  Ado^io.    To  take  a  child  or  person  as 

an  heir,  to  select  and  take.     Opto,  ta 

choose. 
all  un.  Adore,  Adoro,  Adoratio.    To  worship  or  pay* 

divine   honors    to.    •  Oro,    to  speak   or 

pray  ;  Os,  the  mofiith. 
mis  un.         Aim,  ir.    To  point  at  with  a  missive  weapon, 

to  attempt  to  accomplish,  a  design. 
dis  un.  Anchor,  Anchora.  An  iron  instrument  to  hold 

a  ship  at  rest  in  the  water,  to  moor. 
dis  un.  Anoint,  f.    To  pour  oil  upon,   to  smear  with 

oil. 
over  un.       Anxious,  Anxius.    Greatly  concerned,   solici- 
tous-    Ango,  Anxi,  to  trouble. 
in.  Apposite,  ^ppositus.   Suitable,  fit,  well  adapt* 

ed.     Pono,  to  place. 
in  sub.  Aquatic,    Aquaticus.     Pertaining    to    water. 

Aqua,  water. 
in  un.  Apt,  Aptus.  Fit,  suitable,  inclined,  ready, 

in  un,  Arable,  Aro.  Fit  for  plowing  or  tillage.     Aro, 

to  plow, 
anti 

auto.  AristOjCracy,  gr.  A  form  of  government  where 

the  supremo  power  is  in  the  nobility. 


185 


re  un. 
in  un. 
over  un. 

self  un. 

male, 
mis  un. 
CO  un. 
out  un. 


un 


Assault,  f.  and  Ad-salio.  An  attack  with  vio- 
lence, to  attack.     Salio,  to  leap. 

Auspice,  Auspicium.  Omen,  augury,  good  or 
bad. 

Ballast,  sax.  Heavy  matter,  as  stone  placed  in 
the  bottom  of  a  ship,  to  make  any 
thing  steady. 

Banish,  f.  To  condemn  to  exile,  to  be  com- 
pelled to  leave  one's  country. 


Bene,volent,  BeneYolens.  Wishing  well,  good- 
will, kindness,  charity.     Volo,  to  will. 

Bestow.  To  give,  confer,  or  impart,  to  dis- 
pose of. 

Bishop,  sax.  A  spiritual  overseer,  an  elder  or 
presbyter. 

Boast.  To  brag  in  speech,  to  glory,  to  exalt 
one's  self. 


un 

ab. 

dis  ex 


Breviate.     To  shorten.     Brevis,  short, 
Calceated,  Calceatus.  Shod,  fitted  with  shoes. 

C  ale  us,  a  shoe  ;  Calx,  the  heel. 
re  un.  Captor,  Capio.    One  who  takes  a  prisoner,  or 

prize. 
mis  over.      Carry,  f.    To  bear,  convey,   or  transport,  to 

contain. 
a  hi  hydro.  Cephalic,  gr.  Pertaining  to  the  head, 
a  mono.        Chromatic,  gr.    Relating  to  color,  a  kind  of 

music. 

ana.  Chronical,  gr.    Continuing  a  long  time,  as  a 

disease, 
dis  un 

pro.  Con,fess,  f.  To  own  a  fault  or  crime,  to  avow 

or  acknowledge.  Fateor,  fassus,  for 
fessus,  to  confess. 

heterohomo.  Con,gener,  Congener.  Of  the  same  kind  or 
nature. 

mis  un.         Contrive,  f.  To  invent,  contrive,  or  plan. 

mis  un.  Council,  f.  An  assembly  of  men  to  advise  the 
chief  magistrate,  an  assembly  of  prelates. 


126 


super 

ex. 
self  un. 
self  un. 

be  un. 
a  dis. 

re  sub. 


all  un. 
all  un. 
in  un. 
re  tran. 

all  un. 

self  un. 
inun. 

in  un. 
sub  under, 
over  re. 


re  un. 
in  un. 


con  un. 


Crescent,  Crescens.  Increasing,  growing. 

Deceit,  )  Decipio,  Deceptio.  Ensnaring,  mis- 
Deceive,  )  leading,  or  fallacy,  to  cause  to 
err,  to  cheat.     Capio,  to  take. 

Deck.  To  clothe,  dress,  adorn,  embellish. 

De,part,  f.  and  Pars.  To  go  or  move  from,  to 
leave,  to  vary  from. 

De,sultory,  Desultorius.  Leaping  or  passing 
from  one  thing  or  subject  to  another. 
De-salio,  to  leap  from. 

Devastate,  Devasto.  To  lay  waste,  ravage,  to 
desolate. 

Devour,  Devoro.  To  eat  with  greediness,  to 
destroy. 

Diminish,  Dzminuo,  Diminutio.  To  lessen,  to 
impair.     Minus,  less. 

Dis,silient,  Dz^siliens.  Starting  asunder,  open- 
ing with  force.  Salio,  to  leap;  Dis, 
apart. 

Divine,  Divinus.  Pertaining  to  the  true  God, 
godlike,  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  to 
foreknow. 

Educate,  JBduco.  To  bring  up,  as  a  child,  to 
instruct. 

Exaggerate,  Exaggeio.  To  heap  on,  to  accu- 
mulate, to  heighten  or  enlarge.  Gero, 
to  hear. 

Expiate,  J5zpio.  To  atone  for,  to  make  re- 
paration. 

Faction,  f.  and  Facio.  A  party  in  political  so- 
ciety, tumult,  discord. 

Flourish,  Floresco.  To  thrive  or  grow  luxuri- 
antly, to  increase — various  senses. 
Flos,  a  flower. 

Fortify,  Fortis  and  Facio.  To  make  strong. 

Fracture,  Fractura.  A  breach  in  any  body,  a 
rupture.     Frango,  to  break. 

Fraternal,  ^TdXexnus.  Brotherly,  pertaining  to 
brethren.     Frater,  a  brother. 


m 

pre  un.  Imbibe,  Imhiho,  To  drink  in,  to  absorb.  Bibo, 
to  drink. 

un  in.  Imitate,  Imitatus.    To   follow  in  manner,   to 

copy  after,  or  counterfeit.      Imitor,  to 
imitate. 

contra  sub.  Indicate,  InAizo.    To  show,  point  out,  or  dis- 
cover, to  tell. 
dis 

dis.     .  In.herit.  To  take  by  descent  from  an  ancestor. 

Haeres,  an  heir. 

re  un.  Install,  f.  To  place  in  office,  to  invest  with  any 

charge. 

il  preter.  Legal,  Legalis.  According  to  law,  in  confor- 
mity to  law.     Lex,  law. 

e  inter.         Lope.  To  leap,  a  long  step,  to  run. 

anti  biblio.  Maniac,  gr.  and  Maniacus.  Mad,  or  a  madman. 

fore  un.        Mention,  Mentio.    To  speak  or  name,  a  hint, 

to  state.  Memor,  mindful. 
a 

phil.  Mis,anthropy,  gr.  Hatred  of  mankind, 

philo  un.      Music,  Musica.  Melody  or  harmony  of  sound. 
Musa,  a  song. 
un 

hetero.  Ortho,dox,  gr.  Sound  in  the  Christian  faith. 

re  un.  Pack,  d.  A  bundle  or  load,  to  send  in  haste,  to 

close,  to  put  together  in  order. 

im  un.  Paradise,  gr.  The  garden  of  Eden,  a  place  of 

bliss. 

im  inter.  Parley,  f.  To  confer  with,  on  some  point  of 
mutual  concern,  to  confer  with  an 
enemy. 

dys  eu.         Peptic,  gr.  Promoting  digestion. 

re  un.  Peruse.    To  read  with  attention,  to  observe. 

-    Per  and  Utor,  usus. 

de.  Picture,  Pictura.  A  painting,  a  likeness  drawn 

in  colors.     Pingo,  to  paint. 

self  un.  Preserve,  f.  and  Servo.  To  keep  safe  from  in- 
jury, to  uphold,  to  save. 

multi  omni.  Pres^ent,  Praesens.  Near,  in  company,  some- 
thing given.  Prae  and  Ens,  being  ie- 
fore  J  or  Sentio,  to  perceive. 


129 

un 

di.  Pre,varicate,  Preevarico.  To  quibble  or  shuffle, 

to  play  foul  play,  to  evade,  pervert,  or 
corrupt,     Varus,  crooked  legs,  unlike. 

anti  un.  Prophecy,  gr.  A  foretelling  or  predicting  some- 
thing to  come. 

un  un 

re    ac.  Quit,  f.  To  leave,  to  depart  from,  to  free  or  clear, 

un 

de         ar.     Range,  f.  To  set  in  a  row,  to  dispose  in  classes, 

to  rove. 
ir  un.  Record,  Record  or.    To  register  or  write  in,  a 

register  of  facts. 
dis  un.         Relish.    Pleasing  taste,  liking,  appetite,  to  de- 
light in. 
ir  un.  Relieve,  )  f.  Removal  in  whole  or  in  part  of 

Relief,     )  any  evil  of  body  or  mind,   to 

free  from. 

ir  un.  Renown,  f.  Fame,  celebrity,  to  make  famous. 

un 

in,  Re,novate,  i2t3novo.    To  renew,  to  restore  to 

the  first  state.     Novus,  new. 

re  un.  Salute,  Saluto.    To  greet,  to  hail,  to  address 

with  kind  wishes.     Salus,  safe. 

anti  un.  Scripture,  Scriptura.  A  writing,  the  Old  and 
New  Testament,  any  thing  written. 
Scribo,  to  write. 

en  un.  Seal,  sax.    A  piece  of  metal  to  make  an  im- 

pression on  wax,  or  other  things,  to 
close,  to  affix  a  seal. 

mis  un.  Send,  sax.  To  throw,  cast,  or  thrust,  to  cause 
to  be  conveyed. 

re  !:>  Seize,  f.  To  lay  hold  on  suddenly,  to  take  pos- 

session by  force. 

re  tran.  Splendor,  Splendor.  Great  brightness,  elegance, 
pomp,  show.     Splendeo,  to  shine. 

self  un.  Subdue.  To  conquer  by  force,  to  overcome,  to 
soften.     Do,  to  give ;   Sub,  under. 

re  un.  Summon,  Sub-moneo.    To  cite  or  notify  by 

authority  to  appear  at  some  place,  to 
call  up,  excite. 


1SI9 

in  inex.  Superable.  That  may  be  overcome.  Super, 
above. 

a  dis.  Sunder,  dan.  To  part  or  divide,  to  separate. 

pyro  poly.  Technics,  gr.  and  Technicus.  The  doctrine  of 
arts  in  general. 

con  inter.  Texture,  Textura.  The  act  of  weaving  a  web. 
Texo,  to  weave. 

mis  un.  Train,  f.  To  draw  along,  to  exercise,  to  break 
or  tame. 

all  un.  Triumph,  Triumphus.    A  pompous  ceremony 

on  account  of  a  victory,  to  obtain  vic- 
tory, to  insult. 

in  un.  Utter,  sax.    To  speak  or  express  words,  to  dis- 

close. 
m 

equibimulti.  Valve,  Valvae.  A  folding  door,  a  lid  or  cover,   flp 

re  un.  Vindicate,  Vindico.  To  defend,  justify,  or  sup-  ^5^ 

port,  to  avenge,  to  assert.     Vindex,  a 

punisher. 
un 

equi  uni.  Vocal,  Vocalis.  Having  a  voice,  music  made 
by  the  voice.  Voco,  to  call^  from  Vox, 
the  voice. 


iJi    A^V: 


^0 

A9' 


':-:-  SECTION  xxm. 

Tenth  Exercise. 
dis  

en  un.  Able,  norm.   Having  sufficient  power  of  body 

or  mind  for  the  object,  eminently  quali- 
fied.    Habilis,  having  power. 

anti  poly  tri.  A,pode,  gr.  An  animal  that  has  no  feet,  as 
fishes.     Pous,  afoot. 

mis  un.  Become,  sax.  To  pass  from  one  state  to  an- 
other, to  be  fit  or  suitable. 

self  un.  Charity,  gr.  and  Charitas.  Benevolence,  alms, 
liberality. 

de  hydro.     Carbon,  Carbo.  Pure  charcoal,  a  simple  body. 

super  sub.  Celestial,  Caelestis.  Heavenly,  relating  to  hea- 
ven.    Caelum,  heaven. 

mis  re  un.    Choose,  sax.  To  pick  out,  to  select  or  prefer. 

pre  re  un.  Consult,  Consulto.  To  seek  the  opinion  of 
others,  to  plan  or  devise.  Consulo,  per- 
haps salio,  to  leap. 

dia  hyper     Critic,  gr.  A  person  skilled  in  judging  of  the 

on.   .  merit  of  literary  works,  an  examiner  or 

judge. 

semi  un.  Calcine,  f.  To  reduce  to  fineness  like  dust. 
Calx,  Calcis,  chalk-stone. 

in  un.  Cure,  Curo.  To  heal  as  a  disease.    Cura,  care. 

ir 

f^  Con,fute,  CoTifuto,  Confutatio.    To  disprove  or 

show  any  thing  to  be  false.  Futo  (ob- 
solete,) to  blame. 

re  un.  Compile,   Co77?pilo,   Compilatio.     Literally  to 

steal  or  pillage,  but  now  means  to  col- 
lect passages  from  other  authors  into  a 
book.     Pilo,  to  pilfer. 

re  un.  Convey,  Conveho.  To  carry  or  transport.    Ve- 

ho,  to  carry. 

over  in.  Curious,  Curiosus,  Curiositas.  Strong  desire 
for  novelty,  accuratej  nirfe.    Cura^  card. 


131 


re  un. 
mis  un. 

in  un. 

mis  un. 
dis  un. 

dis  un 
en. 


all  sub. 
mis  un. 

ad  fore, 
re  un. 

over  in. 

all  un. 

over  un. 

decem 
trium. 


Capitulate,  Capitulatus.  To  surrender  an  army, 
to  repeat  over.     Caput,  the  head. 

Conjecture,  Co/zjectura.  A  throwing  together, 
a  guess  or  surmise.  Jacio,  to  cast  or 
throio  ;  Con,  together. 

Compare,  Co77zparo,  Compara-hilis-tivus.  Like- 
ness or  agreement,  to  liken  one  thing 
to  another.     Par,  equal. 

Construe,  Cowstruo,  Constructum.  To  translate, 
to  interpret,  to  arrange  the  words. 

Courteous,  f.  Polite,  well  bred,  civil.  Curia, 
a  senate  house. 


Cumber,  dan.  To  load,  check,  or  embarrass,  a 

hindrance. 
Chant,  f.  A  song,  to  sing  or  celebrate  in  song. 

Cano,  to  sing. 
Derive,  Derivo,  Derivatio.  To  draw  or  receive 

as  from  a  source  or  origin.     Rivus,  a 

river. 
Doom,  sax.  To  judge  or  condemn. 
Draft.  A  drawing  of  men  from  a  military  band, 

to  delineate. 
Diligent,  Diligens.    Steady  in  application,  not 

idle. 
Dread,  sax.  Great  fear  or  apprehension  of  evil 

or  danger,  awe,  terror,  to  fear. 
Drive,   sax.    To   impel,   to   urge   forward  by 

force. 
Duum,vir,  Duo  and  Vir.    One  of  two  Roman 

officers,  united  in  the  same  public  func- 
tions. 
counter  un.  Declare,  Declaro,  Declaratio.  To  tell  explicitly, 

to  make  plain.     Clarus,  clear. 
in  un.  Discover,  f.    To  lay  open  to  view,  to  reveal  or 

fiiid  out. 
anti 

aristotheo.  Demo,cracy,  gr.  Demosy  the  people,  and  t^ra- 
tos,  power;  hence,  a  government  by 
the  people. 


132 

dis  un 

in  re.  De,cline,  Decline,  Declinatio.    To  lean  down- 

wards, a  tendency  to  decay.     Clino,  to 
\'  bend  or  lean  ;  De,  doimiwards. 

un  ^ 

re.  De,mise,  f.  To  transfer  or  convey  by  lease  or 

will.     De  and  Mitto,  to  send  down. 

dis  un.  Enthrall  or  In  thrall.  To  enslave. 

super  un.  Excel,  JSa:cello.  To  go  beyond,  to  surpass. 
Celsus,  lofty. 

counter  self  Evidence,  Evidentia.  Proof  in  support  of  some 

in.  thing.     Video,  to  see  ;  E,  out. 

ant 

para  pro.  Epi,lepsy,  gr.  The  falling  sickness,  because 
the  patient  falls  suddenly. 

ab  in  un.  Err,  Erro.  To  wander  from  a  right  way,  to 
deviate,  to  mislead  in  any  sense.  Erro, 
to  err  or  wander. 

in 

de  over.       Fatigue,  Fatigo,  Fatigatus.  To  tire,  weary,  or 

harass. 
un 

re  super.       Fine,  f.  and  Finis.  Very  small,  minute.  (Many 

senses.) 
re  un.  Foment,  Fomentum.    To  apply  warm  things, 

to  promote  excitement.     Foveo,  to  keep 

warm. 
arch  CO  un.  Found,  Fundo,  Fundatus.  To  lay  the  basis  or 

foundation,  to  begin.     Fundus,  land  or 

ground. 
in  un.  Feasible,  f.  That  may  be  done  or  tilled,  prac- 

ticable. 
ad  af.  Filiation,  f.    The  relation  of  a  son  to  a  father. 

Filius,  a  son. 
con  ag.        Glomerate,  Glomero.    To  wind  into  a  ball,  to 

gather.     Glomus,  a  loll. 
mis  self  un.  Govern,  f.    To  direct  or.  control  by  authority, 

to  administer  the  laws.     Gubemo. 
all  un.  Important,  f.  Weighty,  of  great  consequence, 

forcible. 


133 

SECTION  XXIV. 
Eleventh  Exercise. 

dis  in  non.  Ability,  f.  Power  of  body  or  mind,  skill, 
wealth.  Habeo,  to  have;  Ability,  for 
hability.     Habilis,  having  power. 

in  re  un.  Access,  Accessus.  A  coming  near,  approach, 

entrance.     Cedo,  to  give  place. 
CO  inco 

inter  in.  Ac,cid^ent,  Ad-cado,  Accidens.  To  fall  to, 
or  happen  by  chance.     Cado,  to  fall, 

anti  sub  super.  Acid,  Acidus,  Acidulatus.  Sour  to  the  taste. 

dis  pre  un.  Acquaint,  f.  To  make  fully  or  intimately 
known,  to  inform. 

fore  mis  un.     Advise,  f.    To  give  counsel  to,  to  offer  an 

opinion,  or  give  notice.     Yideo^  to  see. 
dis 

ab  con.  Ag,gregate,    ^^grego.    To  bring  parts  to- 

gether into  one  mass.     Grex,  a  herd, 

ab  in  un.  Alien,  Alienus,  Alienatio.  Not  belonging  to 

the  same  country. 

fore  mis  re."  Allege,  ^Zlego,  Allegatio.  To  declare,  affirm 
or  assert.     Lego-are,  to  impute. 

CO  dis  mis  un.  Ally,  f.  To  unite,  form  a  relation,  unite  by 
treaty,  an  ally. 

dis  non  re  un.  Appear,  J]?pareo,  Apparens.  To  come  in 
sight,  obvious  to  the  mind.  Pareo,  to 
be  seeji. 

mis  re  un.  Apply,  ^pplico,  Applicatio.  To  lay  on,  to  fit, 
to  be  busy.     Plico,  to  fold. 

in  mis  un.  Appropriate,  f.  To  assign  to  a  particular  use, 
most  suitable.     Proprius,  peculiar. 

dis  fore  un.  Arm,  Arma,  Armo,  Armamenta.  To  furnish 
with  a  weapon,  a  limb  or  branch. 

di  inter  in.       A,sperse,  ^spersus.  To  bespatter  with  false 

- .  charges,  to  cast  upon,  Spargo,  to  scatter. 

dis  un 

con    dis.       As,sent,  -45sensus,  Assentatio.  An  act  of  the 
mind  in  agreeing  to.     Sentio,  to  think. 


134 

con  e  re.  A,vulsion,  ilvulsio.  Tearing  asunder  violent- 

ly.'   YqWo,  to  pull 'ox 'pluck  ;  A^from. 
self  un    un 

a         re.     Bate,  f.  To  lessen,  to  remit  or  retrench, 
dis  mis  un.       Belief,  sax.  Persuasion  of  truth,  assent  of 
the  mind. 
un 

unfor  over.      Bid,  sax.  To  command,  to  offer,  to  direct, 
dis  ex  inter  sub.  Bi,sect,  Bis-seco.  To  divide  into  two  parts, 
to  cut.     Seco,  to  cut. 
dis  un 


im  em.  Bitter,  sax.  Biting-  to  the  taste,  sharp  words, 
painful. 

dis  over  un.      Burden,  sax.  A  load,  any  thing  oppressive. 

mis  re  un.  Call.  To  name  or  summon,  to  utter  by  the 
voice. 

mis  in  un.  Calculate,  f.  To  compute,  or  reckon,  to  in- 
tend. Calculus,  a  pebble;  (rom  Calx,  lime. 

ex  171  un.  Carnation,  f.  and  Carnavium.    Flesh-color, 

or  flesh.     Caro,  flesh. 

con  ex  in.  Cave,  Cavea.  A  hollow  place,  to  make  hol- 
low.    Cavus,  holloio. 

in  un  pre  over.  Caution,  Cautio.  Prudence  in  regard  to  dan- 
ger.    Caveo,  to  beware. 

un 

as  in  un.  Certain,  f.  Sure,  undoubted.     Certus,  sure. 

be  counter  de  Charm,  f.    Enchantment,    secret  influence, 
un.  Carmen,  a  song. 

un 

pre  ex  in.  Cogitate,  Cogito,  Cogitatio.  To  think  or 
meditate. 

in  re  un.  Combine,  f.    To  unite  or  agree,  to  link  to- 

gether. 

dis  un 

ac     dis  in.  Commod,ious,  f.    Convenient,  fit  or  proper. 
Modus,  a  manner. 
inter  non.        Commune,  f.    To  converse,  familiar  inter- 
course, to  meditate.     Munero,  to  give; 
5Ji  from  Munus,  a  gift. 

ex  re  un  inter  Communicate,  Commwmzo.    To  impart,  re- 
in non.  veal,  or  partake.     Munus,  a  gift. 


135 

m  re  semi  un.  Compact,  Cowpactus.  Closely  united,  an 
tigreement.     Paciscor,  to  covenant. 

in  non  un.  Comply,  It.  To  yield  to  or  comply  with. 
Plico,  to  be  knit  together. 

supra  un 

de     reun.  Compound,  Compono.    To  mix,  to  agree,  a 
mass.  Pono,  to  place ;  Com,  together. 

dis  re^tin.  Commend,  Cowmendo,  Commendatio.  To 
praise,  to  give  charge  to.    Mando. 

dis  in  un.         Connect,  Cownecto.  To  link  together,  to  join. 

in  re  un.  Consider,   Cowsidero,  Consideratio.    To   fix 

the  mind  on,  to  think.     Sidus,  a  star. 

anti  pre  un.  Constitute,  CoTzstituo,  Constitutio.  To  fix,  es- 
tablish, form,  or  make.     Sto,  to  stand. 

all  in  un.  Consume,  Co7isumo,  Consumptio.     To  des- 

troy or  waste  away  slowly. 

dis  mal  un.  Content,  Cowtentus.  Quiet,  easy,  satisfied, 
held  within.     Teneo,  to  hold. 

inunmis.  Correct,  Correctus.  Eight,  made  right,  ac- 
cording to  truth.     Rego,  to  rule. 

con  pro  re  un.  Create,  Creo.  To  produce  something  from 
nothing. 

ac  re  in.  Criminate,    Criminor.     To   charge   with   a 

crime,  to  blame.     Crimen,  a  crime. 

counter  under.  Current,    Currens.     Flowing,    circulating, 
general  estimation.     Curro,  to  run. 
super 

in  re  circum.De,flect,  i)eflecto.  To  turn  aside  or  deviate, 

to  swerve.  Flecto,  to  bend;  De^from. 

in  re  un.  Deliberate,  Delibero.    To  consider  or  weigh 

in  the  mind.     Libro,  to  weigh. 
un  re  un 


counter  re.       De,mand,  f.  and  De-mando.    To  ask  or  call 

for,  a  claim  or  debt.     Mando,  to  give 

orders. 
m  re  un 

con.  Dense,  Densus.  Close,  compact,  thick. 

in  un 

im,  De,precate,  Deprecor.    To  pray  against,  to 

regret.     Precor,  to  pray ;  from  PrsBCO, 
a  crier. 


136 

fore  pre  un.  Design,  Designo,  Designatio.  To  plan,  pro- 
ject, intend,  a  scheme.   Signum,  a  sign. 

all  in  self  un.  Destroy,  Destruo,  Destructio.  To  demolish, 
lay  waste,  or  ruin. 

un 

in  equi.  Differ, Dz/Tero,  Dif-ferens.  Unlike,  dissimilar, 

to  quarrel.     Fero,  to  bear  ;  Dif,  a  part, 

un.  Indifferent,  (same  root.)  Unconcerned,  feel- 

ing no  interest. 

in  pre  re  un.     Digest,  Dzgestus.  A  compendium  of  laws,  to 
collect,   to   dissolve.     Gero,   to   bear; 
Di,  apart. 
in 

demi  equi.  Dist^ant,  Distans.  Remote  in  any  sense,  re- 
served.    Sto,  to  stand;  Di,  apart. 

^.      ^  ^       '  >  Distinct,  Distinctus.   A  marked  difference. 
ter  m.  ) 

contra  in  mis   Distinguish ,  Dzstinguo.    To   ascertain  the 

un.  difference,  to  be  eminent. 

in  mis  un.  Direct,  Derectus.  Straight,  right,  to  point  or 
aim.     Rego,  to  rule. 

in  sub  un.  Divide,  Dzvido,  Diviso.  To  separate,  make 
partition,  open.     Viduo,  to  part,  (obs.) 

counter  with.  Draw,  sax.  To  pull  along  or  move — various- 
ly used. 

con  re  sub.  Duplicate,  Dwplicatus.  Double,  twofold,  a 
copy.  Plico,  to  fold  ;  Duo,  ttvice. 

in  in 

suf.  Ef,fici,ent,  EfRciens.    Causing  or  producing 

effects.     Facio,  to  make. 

in  un.  Eligible,  f,  and  Eligo.  Fit  to  be  chosen,  wor- 

thy of  choice.    Ex  and  Lego,  to  choose, 

dis  pre  re  un.  Engage,  f.  To  promise  or  bind  one's  self  in 
any  matter. 

CO  in  sub  un.  Equal,  iEqualis.  Of  similar  dimensions, 
same  rank.     jEquus,  equal. 

CO  non  super    Essential,   Essentialis.     Necessary  in  the 

un.  highest  degree.     Essentia.  Esse,  to  be 

CO  pre  re  un.  Establish,  f.  To  fix  firmly,  to  settle  or  con- 
firm.    Sto,  to  stand. 


137 

all 

in  per.  E,vade,  £vado,  Evasum.    To  avoid,  elude, 

escape,  to  march  from.    Vado,  to  march. 
pre  re  self  un.  Examine,  Examino,  Examinatum.  To  inspect 

carefully.     Examen,  a  swarm  of  bees, 
non  un.  Execute,  f.  To  perform,  complete,  to  inflict, 

to  kill,     l^x-sec^wox^  to  follow. 
non 

CO  con.  Exjtemporaneous,  £a:temporaneus.    Uttered 

without  premeditation.     Tempus,  time. 
*anmposul.    Ex, terior.  Exterior.    External,  outward. 
in  un  after 

"^^^  E,vince,  Evinco,  E  victum.  To  prove  in  a  clear 

manner,  to  conquer.  Vinco,  to  overcome. 
un 

in  all.  Flame,  Flamma,   Flammatus.    Blaze,  fire, 

ardor,  ra^e.     Flarama,y?a?/je. 
circum  in  re     Flexile,  Flexilis.  Easily  bent,  pliant.    Flec- 
retro.  •  to,  to  bend. 

bene  male        Factor,  Factor.    An  agent  for  another  per- 
under.  son,  a  doer.     Facio,  factum,  to  do. 

mis  un.  Fortune,    Fortuna.      Success,    good    luck, 

wealth,  destiny.     Fors,  chance.  .„  - 

ef  inter  pre  re.  Fulg^ency,  Fulgens.  Brightness,  splendor. 
ef  per  suf.       Fume,  Fumus,  Fumigatio.     Smoke,  vapor, 

rage,  scent.     Fumus,  smoke. 
dis  un  under.  Furnish,  f.    To  supply  in  the  sense  as  used, 
de  dis  un.        Garnish,  f.  To  adorn,  decorate,  or  furnish. 
i7i  re  un.  Gather,  sax.  To  bring  together,  to  collect, 

dis  in  self  un.  Glory,  Gloria.  Brightness,  lustre,  splendor, 
ag  de  con  un.  Glue,  f.  Tenacious  matter,  to  unite  with  glue, 
all  un 
""dis"  un         Grace,  f.  Favor,  good  will,  to  adorn.  Gratus, 

grateful,  thankful. 
un 

de  intro  retro.  Grade,  Gradus,  Gradu,  Gradatio.  Degree, 
rank  or  order.     Gradus,  a  step. 

mis  un.  Guide,  f.  To  direct  or  influence,  a  conductor. 

eu  dis  in  un.  Harmony,  Harmonia.  Adaptation  of  parts, 
concord. 

*  An,  for  ante  ;  and  ui,  for  ultra. 


13S 

un 

all    dis    un.    Honor,  Honor.    Esteem,  reputation,  dignity 

to  revere. 
in  un  fore.       Imagine,  f.  and  Imago,  Imaginatio.  To  form 

an  idea  in  the  mind.    Imago,  an  image. 
un      in 

op  re  tx.  Im,pugn,  /wpugno,  Impugnatus.  To  attack 
by  words,  or  blame.     Pugno,  to  fight. 

ap  pro  re  retro.  Im,pulse,  //?ipulsus.  Force  impressed,  influ- 
ence, driven  in.     Pello,  to  drive. 

mis  super  un.  Intelligent,  Intelligens,Intellectus,Intellectu 
Endowed  with  reason,  knowing,  well 
informed.     Intel  for  inter  ;  and  Lego, 

un     jir^         un        iq  ^g^.^  qj.  choose. 

at      re.  In, tent,  //ztentus.    Having  the  mind  fixed, 

closely  observing.     Tendo,  to  stretch. 

dis  self  un.  Interest,  f.  To  concern,  excite  emotion,  a 
share,  premium. 

mis  pre  un.      Instruct,  //zstructum.    To  teach,  educate,  or 

inform.     Struo,  to  'pile  ox  huild. 
un 

all   fore  un.     Know,  sax.    To  perceive  with  certainty,  to 

understand, 
ap  col  il.  Laud,  Laudo.    Praise,  to  praise  in  words. 

Laus,  praise. 
di  in  semi.        Lapidate,    Lapido.      To   stone.     Lapis,   a 

stone. 
un 

ab  de  ad.  Legate,  Legatus.  The  pope's  ambassador, 
one  sent.     Lego,  to  send. 

circum  col  sub.  Ligation,  Ligatio.  The  act  of  binding. 
Ligo,  to  hind. 

all  un 

en  over.  Light,  sax.  Rays  of  the  sun,  not  heavy, 
small,  to  enkindle. 

be  dis  mis  un.  Like,  sax.  Equal,  similar,  to  approve  or 
choose. 

extra  il  un.  Limit,  Limes,  Limitatio.  Bound,  utmost  ex- 
tent. 

be  dis  im  un.  Mask,  f.  A  cover  for  the  face,  to  conceal  or 
disguise. 


139 

all  im  pre.        Mature,  Maturus.    Ripe,  perfected,  to  ripen, 
counter  mis.     March,  f.  and  Mars.    TLird  month,  to  move 

by  steps. 
de  pre  un.        Merit,  Meritum.     Worth,  value,  desert,  to 

deserve, 
fore  un  pre 

ad       pre.  Monition,  Monitio.    Warning,  admonitory. 
Moneo,  to  admonish. 
anti  de  im.       Moral,  Moralis.    Relating   to  conduct,  con- 
formed to  rules.    Mos,  moris,  a  custom, 
inun 

dis     sur.  Mount,  f.  A  mass  of  earth,  to  lieap  upon,  to 

rise  aloft.     Mons,  a  mmmtain. 
circum  in  re     Navigate,  Navigo.     To  sail  on  water.     Na- 
un.  vis,  a  ship  ;  No,  to  swim. 

un 

e  un  re  «w.      Nerve,  Nervus.  A  sinew,  strength,  firmness. 

dis 
g  en  un.         Noble,  Nobilis,  Nobilitas.     Great,  exalted, 

generous, 
ancondeun.  Note,   Nota,   Notatio.     A  mark  or   token, 

notice,  short  letter,  to  observe.     Nosco, 

to  know. 
an  con  di  in.    Numerate,  Numero.     To   count   or  reckon 

numbers.     Numerus,  a  number. 
dis  in.  Obedi^ent,    Obediens.     Submissive    to   au- 

thority, 
non  sub  un.      Obscure,  Obscuro,  Obscuratio.    To  darken 

or  cloud,  not  intelligible. 
mis  non  un.      Observe, Oiservo,  Observatio.  To  notice  with 

attention,  to  remark.    Servo,  to  pi'eserve. 
in  over  un.       Offend,    0/fendo,    Offensus.    To  displease, 

violate,  or  transgress.  Fendo,  to  keep  off. 
ex  in  under  un.  Office,  0/ficium.  Particular  duty,  a  charge, 

business. 
mis  pre  self.    Opinion,  Opinio.    Judgment  formed  by  the 

mind.     Opinor,  to  think. 
dis  in  re  un.    Organ,  Organum.  An  instrument  of  action,  ^ 

that  through  which  something  is  done.  :;^ 
com  im  super.  Pati^ent,   Patiens.    Enduring  evils  without  ' 

murmuring.     Patior,  to  suffer. 


m 


* 


140 

all  im  un.  Penetrate,  Penetro,  Penetrabilis.  To  enter, 
pierce,  or  effect. 

ap  im  um.  Perceive,  Percipio,  Perceptio.  To  have 
knowledge  by  the  bodily  senses  or  mind. 
Per  and  Capio,  to  take  through. 

im  preter  un.  Perfect,  Perfectiis.  Finished,  complete,  to 
make  skilful.     Per  and  Facio. 

dis  mis  un.  Place,  f.  Any  portion  of  space,  to  fix  or  ap- 
point. 

equi  im  non     Ponder,  Pondero.  To  weigh  in  the  mind,  or 

pre.  otherwise  to  muse.     Pondus,  a  iveight; 

from  Pendo,  to  weigh. 
un 

dis  pre  re  un.  Possess,  Possessus.    To  have  just  title,  to 

hold  or  occupy.     Fossideo,  to  possess. 
dis 

ex   com    ap.    Probation,   Probatio.    The    act  of  proving, 
foretrial.     Probus,  honest. 
Eeprobate,  (same  root.)   Not  enduring  trial, 
one  abandoned  to  sin. 

dis  mis  un.  Profess,  Professus.  To  make  open  declara- 
tion, to  avow,  declare,  or  acknowledge. 

Fateor  and  Fessus,  for  Fassus,  to  confess. 
re 

im  mis.  Prison,  f.  A  public  building  for  the  confine- 

ment of  criminals. 

com  ex  super  Purge,  Purgo,  Purgatio.  To  cleanse,  purify, 

un.  or  clear.  — 

dis  in  over  un.  Quiet,  Quietus.  Still,  calm,  peaceable. 
Quies,  rest. 

ir  out  un.  Reason,  f.  and  Rationalis.  Faculty  of  the 
mind,  a  cause,  to  argue.  Reor,  to 
think. 

cor  mis  un.  Relate,  jRelatus.  To  tell  or  recite,  to  have 
reference  to.     Re  and  Fero,latus. 

dis  fore  mis  un.  Remember,  norm,  and  Re-memoro.  To  gain 
an  idea  which  had  been  in  the  mind 

before.     Memor,  mindful. 
un  un  ir 


ap.  Re,peal,  f.    To  recall,  revoke  or  abrogate. 

Pello,  for  Appello,  to  call. 


141 

after  ir  un.  Repent,  f.  To  feel  pain  for  what  was  wrong, 
to  change  the  mind.  Pcsniteo,  to  be 
sorry  ;  Poena,  pain. 

ex  ir  mis  un.  Represent,  Reprcesenio,  i^epresentatio.  To 
show  or  describe.  Re,  pre  and  ctm 
(being)  or  se?itio. 

ab  di  ex  inter  Re,scind,  ^escindo,  Rescissum.    To  revoke, 

pre.  annul,  cut  ofT,  or  rend  asunder.    Scindo, 

to  reyid  or  tear. 

cor  in  un.  Respond,  i^espondeo,  Responsum.  To  answer 
to,  or  correspond.     Spondeo,  to  promise. 

mis  over  un.  Rule,  w.  That  which  has  become  a  standard 
in  any  sense,  to  govern  or  guide. 

con  er  ex.  Sanguine,  Sanguineus.  Red  like  blood,  ar- 
dent, warm.     Sanguis,  hlood. 

all  re  un.  Search,  f.  To  look  over,  explore,  or  seek,  a 

seeking  for. 

counter  in  un.  Secure,  Securus.  Free  from  danger,  to  guard 
or  make  safe.     Se  and  Cura,  separate 

^  from  care. 

con  omni  pre    Science,  Sciens,  Scientia.     Knowledge  in 

un.  every  acceptation.     Scio,  to  know. 

counterinnon.  Sense,  Sensus.  That  faculty  which  perceives 
— variously  used.     Sentio,  to  perceive. 

con  disew inter.  Semin ate,  Semino.  To  spread,  sow,  or  pro- 
pagate.    Semen,  seed. 

counter  pre  un.  Signal,  f.  A  sign  given,  memorable.  Sig- 
num,  a  sign. 

un 

con  un.  Solid,  Solidus.  Hard,  firm,  sound,  substantial, 

demi  en  hemi  Sphere,  Sphaera.  An  orb  or  globe,  circuit  of 
semi  un.  motion,  rank. 

in  un.  Spirit,  Spiritus.     Wind,  air,  breath,  soul — 

various  senses. 
mis 

con  sub  super.  Struct, ure,    Structura.    Act  of  building  an 

edifice.     -Struo,  to  build. 
in  un.  Stimul^ous,  Stimulus.    A  goad  or  sting,  that 

which  rouses  from,  languor. 
CO  in  un.  Suffer,  Suffeio.    To  bear  pain,  or  undergo 

to  allow.     Suf,  for  Sub,  under;  and 

Fero,  to  bear. 


dis  un 


142 


en  inter  un.  Tangle.  To  knit  together  confusedly,  to  en- 
snare. 

mis  self  un.     Teach,  sax.  To  instruct  or  show  how. 

at  dis  con  un.  Temper,  Tempero,  Temperamentum.  To 
mix  so  that  one  part  qualifies  the  other, 
to  soften  the  temper. 

counter  mis  un.  Time,  sax.  Tempus.  Duration,  to  adapt,  an 
age.     Tempus,  time. 

at  con  re.  Tribute,  Tributum.  An  annual  sum  of  money 
paid.     Tribuo,  to  give. 

en  in  inter  un.  Twine,  sax.  To  twist,  wind,  unite  or  cling  to. 

ante  proto*  pre. Type,  Typus.  An  emblem,  symbol,  model, 
to  prefigure. 

dis  mis  non  un.  Use,  Usus.  The  act  of  employing,  to  em- 
ploy.    Utor,  to  use. 

in  sub  un.        Vary,  Vario,  Variatio,  Varietas.   To  alter  in 

form,  to  deviate, 
reun 

in  de  di  re.  Vest,  Vestis.  An  outer  garment,  to  clothe. 

in  pre  re  super. Vis,ion,  Visio.  The  act  of  seeing,  some- 
thing imagined.     Video,  to  see. 

a  ad  in  re.  Vocation,  Vocatum.  A  calling  or  employ- 
ment. Voco,  to  call;  from  Vox,  the  voice. 

m  non  un.  Attend,  ^itendo,  Attentus,  Attentio.  To  go 
with,  to  wait  on,  to  fix  the  mind. 

counter  equi     Balance.  A  pair  of  scales,  equal  weight,  to 

un.  settle  accounts. 

im  re  un.  Bound,  norm.  A  limit  or  line,  a  leap  or  jump, 

the  termination  of  any  thing. 

non  re  un.  Comfort,  Cowforto.  To  cheer  or  ease,  relief 
from  pain,  consolation.     Fortis,  strong. 


CO  m  pro. 

re         re 
en  de  in. 

re 
en  in  re  un. 


Ex,hibit,  Exhibeo.  To  present  to  view,  to 
show  or  display,  to  manifest  publicljk 
Habeo,  to  have,  hold^  or  possess. 

Force,  f.  Strength,  to  compel,  or  use  violence. 

Graft,  f.  A  small  shoot,  to  join  on  or  insert 
in,  vigor,  might,  energy. 

*  Proto,  fin*. 


143 


re  un 

in    CO  un. 

mis  in  re  un. 

un 
re  en  il. 

mis  over  un. 

fore  mis  sur. 

re  under  un. 

counter  mis 
inter. 

contra  extra  ir. 

be  mis  un. 

ex  inter  semi. 

dis  en. 

under  mis  sub. 

at  en  mis. 

counter  out    ) 
over.  ) 

after  mis  out 
re  under  un. 
counter  in  out 
over  under  un 


Habitant,  Habitans,  Habitatio,  Habitu      A 

dweller  or  inhabitant,  a  resident. 
Lay,  sax.  To  put  or  place,  to  settle. 

Luminate,  Lumino.  To  give  light.  Lumen, 

light. 
Match,  sax.    Combustible  matter,  an  equal, 

a  contest,  to  unite  in  marriage. 
Name,  sax.  That  by  which  a  thing  is  called, 

reputation,  fame.     Nomen,  name;  from 

Nosco,  to  knoio. 
Purchase,  f.  To  obtain  property  by  paying 

an  equivalent. 
Point,  f.  The  sharp  end  of  any  instrument 

or   body,    to   sharpen,  aim  or  purpose. 

Pungo,  Punctum,  to  prick  or  point. 
Regular,  Regula.  That  which  is  conformable 

to  any  rule,  periodical.     Rego,  to  rule. 
Speak,  sax.    To  utter  words,  to  express  by 

words. 
Ossify.    To  make  or  form  bone,  to  convert 

into  a  hard  substance  like  bone.     Os,  a 

hone  ;  Facio,  to  make. 
Title,  Titulus.  An  inscription  put  over  any 

thing,  an  appellation  of  dignity. 
Tutor,  Tutor.    One  who  instructs  children, 

to  teach,  to  instruct. 
Tune,  gr.   A  series  of  musical  notes,  to  put 

in  tune. 

Vote,  Votum.  Suffrage,  a  ballot  or  ticket. 

Write,  sax.  To  form  letters,  to  engrave  or 
compose. 

Work,  sax.  To  perform  any  labor,  or  be  en- 
gaged in,  to  move,  a  work — various  ap- 
plications. 


144 


SECTION  XXV. 


Twelfth  Exercise. 

All  the  prefixes  are  not  added  in  this  exercise  which 
might  be,  but  the  number  given  is  sufficient  to  answer  the 
purposes  of  the  work. 

counter  un  in  pre  sub  Abs,tract,  v4^>5tractio.  To  draw  from, 
at  con  distinct  from,  to  separate  ideas, 

un     un     un  ^   summary  or   general    view. 

dedii     ;i    pT^resub.         "^r^^o.todrawikhsjrom. 


ante  co  counter 
re      un 

en      ex  in  over  retro 
re  sub  trans  under. 

mis  non  re  un 


Act,  Ago,  Actus,  Actu.  To  perform 
or  exert  power,  to  behave  or  de- 
mean, any  thing  done,  an  action. 
Used  in  numerous  senses.  Ago, 
to  do  or  execute. 


ab         con        circum 

sub  super     un 
de  e       in  intro 

non  re  un   ir  un   un 

ob       pro         re      se 
retro  sub. 


Ad,duce,  ^6?duco,  Adductum.  To 
bring  forward,  to  advance,  to 
offer  or  present,  to  cite  or  name. 
Duco,  to  lead  or  draw ;  Ad,  to. 


un     pre   mis  pre  uil  Ac,quire,  4cquiro,  Acquisitum.     To 
J^     "^  gain  any  thing  in  the  sense  of 

its  use.     Quaero,  to  ask,  seek^  or 

gain. 


mis 
ab  con  de  e 
super         un  counter 

in  inter  ob     pro 
in  re  un 

re    sub     tra. 


Ad,ject,  ^</jicio.  To  add  or  put  as 
one  thing  to  another.  Jacio,  to 
cast  or  throw  ;  Ad,  to  or  unto. 


145 

re  sub  un  in  pre  re 


com     dis  de  e 
un 

extra  inter  intro  im 


manu  o  per  preter  pre 
ir  un    un    un 

re      sub  trans. 


Ad,mit,  AdmiiiOy  Admissum.  To 
suffer  to  enter,  to  allow,  to  re- 
ceive as  true,  to  grant.  Mitto, 
to  send  J  dismiss  ^  or  sefid  away. 


in     in 

dis 

re  un     dis  mis  un 

de     ef 

in,             Af,fect,   4/rectum,   Affectatio,  Ef- 
fectu.  To  act  upon,  to  produce 
some  change,  to  aim  at,  make 
a  show.     Facio,   to  muke  or 

f 

cause. 
dis  mis  un 

con. 

Af.firm,  Af ^xrao,  Affirmatio.  To  as- 

sert  positively,  to  declare  sol- 
emnly, to  aver.     Firmus,^rm. 

circumdenoctperpre.  Ambulate,  Ambulo,  Ambulatio.  To 

walk  from  place  to  place. 

bi  mult  Oct  tri  un.         Angle,  f.  and  Angulius.  The  place 

where  two  lines  meet,  a  comer. 

dis  fore  non  re  un.  Appoint,  f.  To  fix  or  settle,  to  es- 
tablish, to  ordain,  to  allot  or 
purpose. 

CO  in  mis  pre  un.  Ap-prehend,   ilpprehendo,   Appre- 

hensum.  To  seize  on,  to  under- 
stand, to  fear.  Prehendo,  to 
seize  or  take. 

all  in  un.  Com-prehend,  (same  root.)  To  con 

tain,  include,  or  comprise,  to 

ii.  conceive,  take  hold  of. 

W.  De,prehend,  (same  root.)   To  catch 

or  take  by  surprise,  to  seize  or 

un  un        detect. 

2«.  Ap,preciate,  f.    To  value  or  duly  et- 

timate,  to  set  a  price  or  value 
on.     Pretium,  a  price. 


146 


eon  re  un 


de 


trans. 


un    pre 

re     con  counter 

un  under  sub. 


un 
pre  re 

all  un 


re 

A,scend,  Ascendo,  Ascensum,  from 
ilrfscando.     To  rise,   in   the 
sense  of  the  word,  to  move  up. 
mis  un  re 

Asjsign,  ^5signo,  Assignatio.    To 
allot  or  appoint,  to  give  a  rea- 
son, to  make  over  to  another. 
Signum,  a  sign, 
self  re  co  un 


Asjsume,  i45sumo,  Assumptio.  To 
take  upon  one's  self,  to  arro- 
un        gate  or  claim, 
sus  abs  con  de  enter      At,tain,  f.   To  arrive  at,  to  gain  or 
ap         un  achieve,  to  compass,  to  come 

j;;  re  ob  *o.     Teneo,  to  hold. 

inun  .  un 

con  de  ob  pro  un.  At,test,   ^/tester,  Attestatus.  To 

bear  witness  to,  to  certify  or 
affirm,  to  call  to  witness,  lo 
un    self  un  invoke.     Testis,  a  tmtTiess. 

un  im  em  de        a.         Base,  gr.    The  bottom  on  which 

any  thing   stands,  any  thing 
dis  re  un  vile  or  mean — various  uses. 

em      un.  Body,  sax.  The  frame  of  any  ani- 

mal, a  mass,  the  main  army, 
any  solid  substance — various 
in  un  un    mis  uses, 

ac  ante  con  pre    pro  Cede,  Cedo,  Cedens,  Cessio.    To 
pre  un  give  up,  yield  or  surrender,  to 

re  de  retro  sue  se  ex.  depart,  to  resign,  relinquish, 

jg  Cedo,  to  give  way. 

all  counter  ex  inter  re   Change,  f.  To  alter  or  vary  in  any 
un.  manner,  to  give  one  thing  for 

another,  alteration. 
dis  mis  oyot  re  sur  un.   Charge,  f.  To  rush  on  or  assault, 

expense,  to  load  as  a  muskat. 


147 


IT  un 


ac  de  dis  ex  mis    re 

un 

non  pro  un. 

un 
en  dis  fore  in  re  un. 

be  en  in  over  un. 


un 


un  re 


Claim,  Clamo.  To  call  for  or  de- 
mand, a  demand.  Clamo,  to 
cry  aloud. 


Close,  f.  To  shut,  to  end  or  finish, 
to  unite.     Claudo,  to  shut. 

Cloud.  To  obscure  by  mist,  a  col- 
lection of  vapor,  to  obscure  or 
darken,  to  sully, 
ill  un 


counter  re  de. 


Com,mand,   Con-mando,   Manda- 
^     tum.  To  bid  or  direct,  to  order 
or  control. 


un 


m 


tm   per. 


de  dis  in  pre  re. 


un    re 
trans  op. 


Com,plex,  Co7«plexus.  Composed 
of  two  or  more  parts,  involv- 
ed, difficult,  an  assemblage. 
Plico,  to  knit  together. 

Compose,  f.  and  Con-pono,  Com- 
positio.  To  form  a  compound, 
to  put  together  words,  to  calm, 
settle,  or  arrange.  Pono,  to 
place  OT  put;  Corciy  together. 

Re,pose,  (same  root.)  To  lie  at 
rest,  to  deposit,  or  trust. 

un 

pre.  De,pose,  (same  root.)  To  lay  down, 
degrade,  testify  on  oath,  de- 
throne, 
pre  re  in  un 

Dis,pose,    (same.)    To   regulate, 
adapt,   incline   the  mind,  to 
in        place. 

de  dis  ex  in  inter  oc       Con, cur,    Concurro,    Concursum, 
pr«  19  trans  un.  Concursio.  To  run  together, 

to  meet,  to  agree  or  join,  unite 
in  opinion.     Curro,  to  rum 


m  un 


super un 

im      super  ex 

un    pre 
pro  sup. 


148 

dif  per  sue.  Con,cussion,  Concussio.    Shaking 

by  a  stroke,  a  shock,  impulse. 
Cutio,  from  Quatio,  to  shake. 
semi  im  in 

tran    per  Con,spicuous,   Cowspicuus.    Open 

to  view,  easy  to  be  seen,  ob- 
vious   to    the    mental    eye. 
Specio,  to  see, 
nn  all  un 

re.  Con,strain,  f.  To  urge  with  power 

sufficient  to  effect,  to  hold  by 
force,  to  necessitate.  Stringo, 
to  ^ind, 
self  un    rein  un  re  in 

di  ad  ob.  'Con,vert,    Cowverto,    Conversum, 

in  un  Conversio.  To  turn  to  or  with, 

i^ntro  intro  trans  ^^  change  from  one  state  to 

un      un  irun  another,  to  turn  about,  to  un- 

— derffo  some  chanare.     Verto, 

pertwa      re  retro  sub.  ^    ^  ,  ^ 

*^  to  turn  or  change. 

fore  in  mis  pre  super  un.  Conceive,  Cowceptio.  To  imagine, 

think,  or  form  an  idea  in  the 
mind,  formation  in  embryo. 
Capio,  to  take^  hold,  or  receive. 

un         un 

ac  mis  re  im.  Count,  f.  To  number  or  reckon,  to 

esteem,  to  impute, 
super 

ac  dis    in    de  pro  re.   Cumbent,  Cumbo,  Cumbens.    Re- 

un  dining  or  lying  down. 

ob  ex  in  pro  re.  De,trude,  Detrudo,  Detrusum.    To 

thrust  or  push  down  with  force. 
Trudo,  to  thrust  or  'push. 

bene  male  vale  int«r      Diction,    Dictio.     Expression    of 
self  un    un  ideas  by  words,  style,  manner 

contra     pri  juris.  of  expression.  Dico,  to  speak, 

say,  or  hid. 


14$ 

un 

com  deexmproretrore.  Dis,pel,  Dwpello,  dispulsum.   To 

scatter  by  force,  to  disperse, 
dissipate,  or  banish,  to  drive 
away.     Pello,  to  drive. 

equi  in        mis 

dif    con  m  inter  of  De,fer,  De/TerOjDifTerens.  To  delay 
un  un  or  put  off,  refer,  to  yield  to  an- 

pre  re     trans.  other's  opinion,  to  postpone. 

FerOj^o  bear  or  carry;  J)e,from. 
re  un    un     non  pre  re  un 

col      se.  Ejlect,  Electus,E-lego.  Topickout 

or  select,  to  choose,  one  cho- 
sen, hego,  to  gat  her  OT  choose. 

con  tTi  inter  pre  se.         Ex,clude,  E2;cludo,  Exclusum.  To 

shut  out  or  debar,  to  hinder 
from  entering,  to  except.  Clu- 
do  or  Claudo,  to  shut. 

CO  in  non  self  post  pre.  Exist,  £a;isto.    To  be  or  have  real 

existence,  to  live,  remain,  or 
endure.  Sisto,  to  be  set  or  to 
continue. 

un        super  un  co 

dis  ob    in    pro  sub.     Ex,tend,  Extendo^  Extensio.    To 

stretch  in  any  direction,  to 
expand  or  spread,  to  impart, 
un  un         Tendo,  to  stretch  out. 

con  de  dis  re.  Ex,tort,  Extortus.  To  draw  or  wrest 

from  by  force,  to  practice  ex- 
tortion.    Torqueo,  to  writhe. 

con  dis  pre  trans  un.  Figure,  Figura.  Form  or  shape,  ap- 
pearance, a  statue  or  image — 

un  various  senses.  Fingo,  to  make. 

be  counter  out  re  un.  Fit.  Suitable,  to  adapt  to  the  use, 
^to  qualify,  to  furnish  things 
suitable. 

af  con  in  post  pre  suf      Fix,  f.  To  make  stable,  to  put  in 

trans  un.  order,   to  transfix  or  pierce. 

Figd,  to  fix. 


160 


af  circum  con  de  ef  in  Flux,  Fluxus,  fluo.  To  flow,  the  act 
re  super.  of  flowing,  to  melt,  the  mov- 

ing or  passing  of  any  thing, 
dis  in  non  un     un 

con  hi  de  equi  Form,  Forma,  Formatio.  External 
shape,  arrangement,  model, 
pattern,  to  contrive  or  make — 
it  has  numerous  applications. 


mal  mis  multi  omni 
un 

re  semi  trans  uni. 
un 

af  con  circum  dif  ef  in 
inter  per  pro  self  suf 
trans  un. 

ir  un 
de  in  pro    re    un. 


Fuse,  Fusum.  To  melt,  dissolve, 
or  spread,  to  liquefy  by  heat, 
to  be  reduced  from  a  solid  to 
a  fluid.     Fundo,  to  pour  out. 


be  en  over  under  un. 


re  non 
as    ex    trans. 


non 


Generate,  Genero,  Generatio.  To 
propagate  or  produce,  to  cause, 
to  bring  into  life. 

Gird,  sax.  To  bind  around  or  in- 
vest, to  furnish  or  equip,  to 
make  fast. 
Im,port,  /Twporto,  Importatum.  Any 
thing  brought  from  another 
country,  meaning  of  words — 
various  uses.  Porto,  to  carry 
un         or  bear ;  In,  into. 

Im,plicate,  Jwplico.  To  infold  or  in- 
volve, to  entwine, to  criminate. 
Plico,  to  fold ^  he  knit  together, 
re  super 

To   look  on 
dis  ir  un  or  into,  to  view,  to  examine 

retro.  closely,  to  take  the  oversight. 

Specio,  to  see  or  look. 


circum  com  ex  sup 

un      un 
a    circum  de  intro  per   In,spect,  /nspectum. 

un 
pro    su 
arch    un 
con       a 
tran. 


re 


ir 
re  su 


reun 


In,spfre,  jTzspiro,  Inspiratum.  To 
draw  in  the  breath,  to  infuse 
into  the  mind  a  poetic  spirit. 
Spiro,  to  breathe. 


161 


un     un  ir 
ad  con  equi  pro      re. 


un 


abs    circum  ex  inter  re. 

un  un  mis 

con  mis  per  un. 


ag  con  di  e  pro  trans 
retro  re. 

mis      un      in  non  un 

a     circum        de 

im 

inter  manu  post  pre  pro 
sub  super  tran. 

circum  con  de  e  inter 

counter  anti 

re. 

ad  circum  inter  sub. 
CO  self  re  un 

en  over  un. 

un  un 

ad  all  di  extra  fore  pre 
in  mis  re  un. 


re 
ad    con  dis  en  inter  in 
mis  re  se  sub. 


In,voke,  /tivoco,  Invocatum.  To 
address  in  prayer,  to  call  upon 
for  protection,  to  order.  Voco, 
to  call ;  Vox,  the  voice. 

In,cision,  /wcisio.  A  cutting,  the 
act  of  cutting  into,  a  gash. 
Caedo,  to  cut  or  kill. 

un 

In,form,  Jwformo,  Informatio,  and 
Informis.  To  give  intelligence, 
to  instruct ;  also,  without  form 
or  shape.  Forma,  shayc^ figure. 

In,gress,  /?2gressus.  Entrance,  or 
power  of  entrance,  to  go  in, 
means  of  entering.  Gradior, 
to  go  ;  Gradus,  a  step. 

In,scribe,  /Tjscribo,  Inscriptum.  To 
write  in  or  on,  to  imprint,  mark 
letters  or  figures,  to  assign  or 
address  to.     Scribo,  to  write. 

In,volve,  /tzvoIvo,  Involutum.  To 
roll  in  or  envelop,  to  imply  or 
comprise,  to  blend  or  mingle. 
Volvo,  to  roll. 

Jacent,  Jacens.  Lying  at  length. 

Joy,  f.  Gladness,  gayety,  mirth, 
happiness,  felicity,  to  rejoice. 

Judge,  f.  and  Judex,  Judicatio, 
Judicialis.  A  judicial  officer 
with  authority  to  hear  and  de- 
cide causes,  rightly  to  under- 
stand and  discern,  to  doom. 
Join,  f.  and  Junctio.  To  connect  or 
unite,  to  couple,  to  grow  or 
adhere  to  —  various  senses, 
Jungo,  to  join. 


1^ 


dis 

ac"fore  inter  self. 


be  e  over  under  un. 


col  de  e  il  inter  preter 
pro  re. 

in 

bi  col  duo  equi  multi 
tri  uni. 

col  de  inter  multi  out 
sub  under  un. 


ab  al  col  dis  c  inter 

trans  un. 

al  circum  col  e  inter. 

un 
after  all  be  over  self  un. 

e  inter  trans  pel. 

com  im  mis  over  out  un. 

com  de  e  im  inter  re  trans 

be  com  im  inter  un. 

pre  mal  un 

ad      anti  ex  sub  un 


Knowledge.  A  clear  perception  of 
truth  or  any  fact,  learning, 
skill,  acquaintance.  Nosco, 
to  know. 

Labor,  Labor,  Laboro.  To  exert 
muscular  strength,  labor  of 
body  or  mind,  to  work — vari- 
ous uses. 

Lapse,  Lapsus.  A  sliding  or  falling, 
an  error  or  fault,  to  glide 
along.    Labor,  to  glide  down. 

Lateral,  Lateralis,  or  Latus.  Per- 
taining to  the  side. 

Line,  Linea,  Lineatio.  A  bound, 
uttermost  extent,  length  with- 
out breadth  or  thickness.  Li- 
nea, a  line. 

Locate,  Locatus.  To  place  in  a  par- 
ticular spot.     Locus,  a  place. 

Locution,  Locutio.  A  discourse  or 
manner  of  speaking.  Loquor, 
to  speak. 

Love,  sax.  Affection — used  in 
many  senses. 

LuCtid,Lucidus,  Lucens.  Shining, 
bright,  clear.  Lux,  lucis,  light. 

Measure,  f  The  dimensions  of 
any  thing,  limit,  a  portion,  to 
compute. 

.Migrate,  Migro.  To  remove  or 
pass  from  one  country  to  an- 
other, from  place  to  place. 

Mingle,  sax.  To  blend  or  mix  to- 
gether. Misceo,  to  mix, 
mingle. 

.Minister,  Minister,  Ministratum. 
An  agent  to  manage  the  busi- 
ness of  another,  pastor  of  a 
church,  to  supply  or  give. 


153 


un 
ad  com  im  inter  over  un. 

ir 

ad  com  counter  e  im  re 
pro  un. 

ante  extra  infra  inter 
super  supra, 
in  un 

com  im  inter  per  trans. 

con  counter  demi  preter 
un. 

bi  cog  de  multi  pre  pro. 
eoui  out  re  un. 

CO  fore  in  pre  sub  re. 

de  hyper  semi  sur  un.  |  Q^f^^®'  | 

a  after  bi  com  counter  de 
dis  im  un. 

un 
im  over  re  sur. 

un 

non  over  re  un. 
in 

ap  de  equi  im  pro  SU8. 


Mix,  sax.  Mistum,  and  Mixtum. 
To  unite,  join,  or  mingle  to- 
gether.    Misceo,  to  mingle. 

Motion,  Move,  Moveo,  Motum, 
Motio.  A  moving  or  changing 
of  places,  to  propose  some- 
thing.    Moveo,  to  move. 

Mundane,  Mundus,  Mundanus. 
Belonging  to  the  world.  Mun- 
dus, the  world. 

Muta^ble,  Mutabilis.  Subject  to 
change.     Muto,  to  change. 

Nature,  Natura.  The  universe, 
the  essence  of  a  thing — has 
numerous  applications.  Nas- 
cor,  to  he  horn. 

Nominjal,  Nominalis.  Pertaining 
to  a  name.     Nomen,  a  name. 

Number,  Numerosus.  A  unit,  a 
multitude,  to  count  or  reckon. 
Numerus,  a  number. 

Qrdain,  Ordino,  Ordinatio.  To  in- 
vest vv^ith  an  office,  to  appoint 
or  decree.     Ordo,  order. 

Oxyde,  )         Any  substance  com- 

Oxide,  )  °  'binedvirith  oxygen,  but 
not  sufficient  to  form  an  acid. 

Part,  Pars,  Partitio.  A  portion  of 
any  thing,  to  separate— has  va- 
rious applications.  Vais^apart. 

Pass,  f.  To  move  or  go  in  any 
manner — variously  applied. 
Passus,  a  step. 

Pay,  f.  To  discharge  a  debt,  re- 
ward, remunerate. 

Pend.ent,  Pendens.  Jutting  or 
hanging  over.  Pendeo,  to 
hang  stispended. 


154 


dis  cm  over  re  un. 


re 


dis   im  re  trans  un. 


em  im  inter  mis  re  un. 
counter  equi  out  over. 

ante  ap  circum  counter 
im  inter  juxta  op  post 
pro  re  sup  super, 
un  re  over 

ap       dis  mis  over 
pro  super  under  un. 

im  omni  pleni  pre. 


un 
all    em  im  over. 


ap  over  under  un. 

dis  un  un  self  ir  un 

ap     im        re 
dis  semi  un. 

un 
bi  cor  ir  ocio  uni. 

'I 

^     ab  dis  e  inter  ir  pro. 


People,  Populus.  A  community  of 
persons,  the  mass  of  popula- 
tion. 

Plant,  f.  and  Plantatio.  A  vegeta- 
ble of  any  kind,  to  set  or  fix 
in  the  ground,  to  introduce. 
Planto,  to  plant. 

Plead,  f  To  argue  or  urge  reasons, 
to  discuss. 

Poise,  w.  Weight,  gravity,  to  weigh 
or  balance. 

Position,  Positio.  State  of  being 
placed,  situation,  a  principle. 
Pono,  to  place  or  put. 

Portion,  Portio.  A  part  of  any 
thing,  to  assign.  Pars,  a  part. 

Pot^ent,  Potens.  Possessing  physi- 
cal or  moral  power,  effica- 
cious. Ens,  being;  Potis,  able. 

Power,  f.  The  ability  of  doing  or 
effecting  any  thing — has  very 
numerous  applications. 

Prize.  That  which  is  taken  or 
obtained,  to  value  or  set  a 
value  on. 

Prove,  sax.  and  Probatio.  To  try 
any  thing,  to  evince,  to  expe- 
rience.    Probo,  to  prove. 

Radiant,  Radians.  Darting  forth 
rays  of  light.  Radius,  a  ray 
of  light  or  spoke  in  a  wheel. 

Ruption,  Ruptio.  A  branch  or  break 
Rumpo,  t0  break. 


165 

un     in  ir  non  uii 


as     con  de  in  per  sub.    Re,sist,  Resisto.  To  stand  against, 

to   strive   against,    to    baffle. 

Re  and  Sisto,  or  Sto,  to  stand 

agai?ist. 
m  over  super  under  un.    Saturate,    Saturo.    To   supply  to 

fulness.     Satis,  sufficient. 
mis  re  sub  super  under    Serve,  Servio.  To  work  for,  to  be- 
un.  stow  labor  of  body  or  mind,  to 

un  re  supply. 

as   con  dis.  Similar,  Similis.    Like  or  resem- 

bling, 
anti  dis  un 

as         anti  con  dis    Sociate,  Socio.  To  mix  with  com- 
m  un.  pany,  fellowship,  the  union  of 

persons.  Socius,  a  companion. 
un  in  re  un  pre  un  re  ir 

ab       dis  re  Solution,  Solve ;    Solvo,  Solutum. 

in  non.  To  loosen,  remove   or   dissi- 

pate, to  explain, 
im  mis  over  un 


per  dis.  Suasion,  Suasum.  The  act  of  per- 

suading. Suadeo,  to  persuade. 
con  super  tran  un.  Substance,  Substantia.    Matter  of 

any  kind,  the  essential  part 
of  any  thing.     Sto,  to  stand; 
Sub,  under. 
in  self  all 

de.  Suf,fice,    Sz^ficio,     Sufficiens. — 

Enough,  that  which  is  equal 
to  the  end.     Facio. 

re  un  re  un 

as     CO  en      in  un.      Sure,  f.    Certain,  firm,  infallible. 

be  mis  par  under  un.  Take,  sax.  To  get  hold  of,  to  re- 
ceive— this  has  numerous  ap- 
plications. 

after  counter  dis  fore  in  Taste,  f.    To    perceive    by    the 

un.  tongue,  to  enjoy  or  relish  any 

thing  intellectually. 


156 


self  pre  in   un  in 
con  in       de  ex. 

deca  hexa  nona  octa 

penta. 

after  be  fore  un. 

dis  re 
de   en    un. 

un 
be  dis  mis  in  un. 

in  out  over  self  re  under 
un. 

by  counter  inter  re. 

circum. 

par. 

» 

ua. 

de. 

demi. 
in. 

in. 
in. 


Terminate,    Termino,    Terminus. 

To  bound,  to  end,  to  limit  or 

put  an  end  to. 
Tetra,gon,  gr.  A  figure  havmg  four 

angles.     Gonia,  an  angle. 
Think,  sax.    To  occup}^  the  mind, 

to  imagine. 

Throne,  Thronus.  A  royal  seat, 
chair  of  state,  {in  Scripture^) 
sovereign  power. 

Trust,  dan.  Confidence,  credit, 
that  which  is  committed  to 
one's  care. 

Value,  f.  Worth  or  price,  any  thing 
in  high  esteem.  Valeo,  to  be 
strong  or  avail. 

View,  f.  To  survey,  to  examine,  to 
see,  to  consider. 

Ambient,  Amhiens.  Surrounding. 
Am  and  Eo,  to  go  around. 

An,ticipate,  Anticipo.  To  take  or 
act  beforehand,  foretaste.  Ca- 
pio,  to  take;  Anti,  before. 

Affable,  Affahilis,  Affabilitas. 
Easy  of  conversation  or  man- 
ners.    For,  fari,  to  speak. 

Acjclivity,  -4cclivis.  A  slope  or  ris- 
ing ground.     Clivis,  a  slope. 

Cadence,  Cadens.  A  fall  of  voice,  a 
decline  of  sound.  Cado, to  fall. 

Corrigible,  Corrigo.  That  may  be 
set  right  or  corrected.  Rego, 
to  rule. 

Docile,  Docilis.  Teachable,  ready 
to  learn.     Doceo,  to  teach, 

Effable,  jE/fabilis.  That  may  be 
uttered  by  words.  For,  fari, 
to  speak. 


157 


SECTION  XXVI. 


Thiiteenth  Exercise. 


self  in  self  re 


ex. 

CO  re  under  sub. 

anti 

mon  hept  olig  tetr. 


un 

pre  counter. 

dec  Oct  sept  sex 
cent  tri  per. 

af  ef  dif  re  super 
counter  un 


m         circum 
subter. 

mono  tetra  hexa 
poly  deca. 


AcjCuse,  Aczwso.  To  charge  with  a 
crime  or  fault,  to  blame.  Causa, 
a  reason. 

Agent,  Agens.  Acting  or  an  actor, 
that  which  has  power  to  produce 
an  effect.    Ago,  to  do  or  execute, 

An,archy,  gr.  Want  of  power,  a 
state  of  society  where  there  is 
no  supreme  power.  An  for  ana, 
without ;  Archia,  'power. 

A, vail,  Valens.     To  profit  or  turn  to 

advantage,  to  effect  the  object. 

Valeo,  to  he  strong. 
Bi,ennial,  ^zennis.     Taking    place 

once  in  two  years.     Annus,    a 

year. 
Con,fluence,  Cowfluens.     A   flowing 

together,  an  assemblage.    Fluo, 

tojloiv. 

Chord,  gr.  and  Chorda.  The  string  of 
a  musical  instrument,  a  right 
line,  a  string. 


ex  de  re. 


super  mis      re  m 
ad  con 

contra  intro  super 
inter  pre  e. 


Com,plete,  CoTwpletus.  Having  no 
deficiency,  perfect,  to  finish  or 
end.     Pleo,  to  fill. 


.  )  To  come  around,    to 
.  )      gain  by  stratagem, 


Circum,vent. 
jVene 
to  delude.     Venio,   ventum, 
come;  Circum,  around. 


to 


\ 


16S 


in 


multi  re  ab  as 
dis  equi  uni. 


mono  pro  epi  deca. 


im  un  non  self  all  in 


pro 


suf. 


ante  post  mis  un. 


im 


per  multi  ob  per  bi. 


imper  m 


trans  preter. 


poly     auto 

astro     auto      bio 
biblio  chiro  cosmo 
chrono  choro  dia 

un 
epi     geo     hydro 
litho  mono  ortho 
panto  poly  para 

stereo 


Con,sonaiice.  Agreement  iii  sound, 
accord,  congruity,  consistency. 
Sono,  to  somidy  from  Sonus,  a 
sou7id  ;  Con,  together. 

Dia,logue,  gr.  and  Dmlogus.  A 
conversation  between  two  or 
more.  Gr.  Logos,  a  word  or 
syeech. 

De,ficient.  Deficiens.  Wanting,  de- 
fective in  any  sense.  Facio,  to 
make  ;  De,  from. 

Date,  Datum.  The  year,  month,  or 
day  in  which  any  thing  was 
done,  to  date.  Do,  to  give ; 
Datum,  give?!. 

De,viate,  Devius.  To  turn  aside 
from  the  right  or  common  way, 
to  err.     'De,fro?n ;  Via,  the  way. 

Exjit,  Exit.  Any  departure,  as  from 
a  stage  or  life,  a  going  out.  Eo, 
to  go ;  Ex,  (nit» 


Graphic,  gr.  and  Graphicus.  Per- 
taining to  the  art  of  writing, 
delineating,  describing.  From 
the  Greek  word  Grapho,  to 
loritt  or  paint. 


stereo  stcno 
topo  zoo. 


typo 


169 


dei,  a  God. 
fratri,  a  Brother, 
homi,  a  Man. 
infanti,  an  Infant, 
matri,  a  Mother, 
parri,  a  Parent, 
regi,  a  King, 
sui,  One's  self, 
sorori,  a  Sister, 
tyranni,  a  Tyrant, 
counter  contra 
circum  inter. 

astro  anti  biblio 
chrono  cosmo  chiro 
eu  geo  hydro  homo 
il  litho  ortho  philo 
pyro  theo  aoo. 

anti 
dia  para. 


Homi,cide,  Hoinicid'niTo..  A  man- 
slayer,  the  killing  of  one  man 
by  another.  Csedo,  caesum, 
to  slay  or  kill.  Homo,  Ho- 
minis,  a  vian,  (so  of  all  the 
others,)  the  slaying  of,  or 
killing. 


Im,mure.  To  enclose  with  walls,  to 
shut  up  or  imprison,  im,  for  tVz, 
within,  and  murus,  a  wall. 

Logic,  gr.    The  art  of  reasoning 
!  justly.     The  Greek  word  lo- 

gos, means  a  word,  speech,  or 
discourse. 


Ana,lysis,  gr.  The  separating  of  a 
compound  into  its  constituent 
parts.     Gr.  Lusis,  a  dissolving. 


bi  eenti  chrono 
semi    un 
dia    geo  hydro 
hyper  helio  hexa 
ortho  pyro  peri  panto 


poly  stereo  syra  tri. 
a  mono  poly  bi. 


sub  octow  bin  * 
mon  mult. 

dis  ex  sub  semi. 


Meter,  )  sax.   Measure,  verse,  ar- 
Metre,  )      rangement  of  poetical 
feet  of  long  and  short  sylla- 
bles  in   verse.      Metrum,   a 
measure. 


MisOjgamist,  gr.  A  hater  of  marriage 
Gr.  Misos  or  Miseo,  to  hate, 
Gamos,  marriage. 

Ocular,  Ocularius.  Depending  on 
the  eye,  received  by  actual 
sight.     Oculus,  the  eye. 

Orb,  Orbis.  A  spherical  or  round 
body,  a  circle  or  period,  the  eye. 


n  Euphonic. 


k 


un 

dis  extra  sub. 

penta  poly  tetra  tri 
mono  octa  di  hi  a. 
a  anti  cata  dys  eu 
homo  poly  sym. 

centu  circum  com 

multi  sup  tri 

con  re  sub     un     in 

du  im     ex. 

dis  non  un. 


160 

Order,  Ordo.  Regular  disposition,  pro- 
per state,  to  direct  or  command. 
Petal,  gr.  (In  botany,)  a  flower-leaf. 

Phonics,  gr.  The  science  of  sound, 
the  art  of  combining  musical 
sounds.  Gr.  Phone,  a  sound  or 
voice. 

Plicate,  Plicatus.  Folded  like  a  fan, 
plaited,  knit  or  entwined  toge- 
ther.    Plico,  to  be  knit  together. 


extra  multi  nocti. 


dis  mono  multi 
octo  poly  tetra. 


a  anti  eu  mono  un. 


con  fore  in  pre. 


inter  sub  subter. 

dia  homo  in  mono 

semi  tri. 

anti  hypo  para.  syn. 


a  mono  pan  poly  tri. 


con  ec  (for  ex)  helio 
geo  para  self  sub. 


Regard,  f.  To  look  towards,  to  ob- 
serve, to  attend  to,  to  respect. 

Soli,vagant,  Solivsigus.  Wandering 
alone.  Vagus,  wandering;  So- 
lus, alone. 

Syllable,  gr.  A  letter  or  combination 
of  letters   uttered   at   a   single 
impulse  of  the  voice.     Gr.  Sun 
un         and  Lambano,  taken  together. 

Sym,pathy,  gr.  Fellow  feeling,  the 
quality  of  being  affected  by  the 
suffering  of  others.  Gr.  Pathos, 
suffering  or  feeling  ;  Sun,  with. 

Signify,  Significo,  Significatio.  To 
express  meaning,  to  make  known. 
Signum,  a  sign ;  Facio,  to  make. 

Stratum,  Stratum.  Abed  or  layer  of 

earth,  coal,  stone,  &c. 
Tone,  gr.  Tonus.  A  sound  or  modi- 
fication of  sound,  accent. 
Thesis,  gr.    A  position  or  proposition 
which   a  person  advances  and 
offers  to  maintain  by  argument. 
Theist,  gr.    One  who  believes  in  the 
existence  of  a  God.     Gr.  Theos, 
God. 

Center,  gr.  and  Centrum.  The  mid- 
dle of  any  thing. 


idi 


SECTION  XXVII. 


y 


A  FEW  words  analyzed  more  particularly,  which  may 
excite  the  scholar  to  a  further  examination  into  the  structure 
of  words  in  general. 

Anniversary,  is  from  annus,  a  year,  and  versus,  a  turning  or 
returning.  Hence  the  import,  returning  with  the  year, 
or  a  yearly  celebration. 

Animadvert,  is  from  versus,  turning,  animus,  the  mind,  ad^ 
to.     Whence  comes  the  meaning  to  consider,  &c. 

Apostate,  gr.,  is  Apo,  from  or  off,  and  stas,  standing. 
Hence  one  who  has  departed  from. 

Atmosphere,  gr.  Atmos,  vapor,  and  sphaira,  round  or  sphere. 

Alphabet.  The  first  two  Greek  letters,  alpha,  beta. 

Agriculture.  Ager  agri,  a  field,  and  cultura,  tillage. 

Apode,  gr.  A,  privative,  meaning  without,  and  pons,  a  foot. 
Whence  apode  is  without  feet,  like  a  fish.  Po/ypode. 
aTi^zpodes. 

Apology,  gr.  Apo,  from  or  off,  and  logos,  a  word.  Hence 
excusing. 

Blaspheme,  gr.  Blax,  nefarious  or  impious,  and  phemi,  to 
speak. 

Conjugal.  Con,  with  or  together,  and  jugum,  a  yoke,  mean- 
ing yoked  together,  or  married. 

Constant,  Distant,  Circumstance.  Con,  means  together  or 
with,  di,  separated  or  apart,  and  circum,  around.  Sta7is 
is  standing;  whence  co/zstant,  is  standing  together, 
or  fixed,  firm,  steady,  &c.  Distant,  standing  apart ; 
whence  it  implies  remote,  reserved,  «&c.  So  good  cir- 
cumstances is  being  surrounded  by  every  thing  needful. 

Consequences,  Subsequent.  Con,  with,  ««^,  under  or  after; 
sequens,  following.  Then  caTzsequences  are  what  follow 
in  connection  with,  but  5wtsequent  is  what  follows  after. 

Cataract,  gr.  Kata,  down,  and  rasso,  to  dash. 

Confident,  Difiident,  Infidel,  and  Perfidy,  all  horn  fides  or 
fidens,  meaning  faith,  trust,  &c.,  modified  by  the  pre- 
fixes, con,  dif,  in,  and  per. 

Concomitant,  is  from  comes,  a  companion,  and  comes  is 
from  con  and  eo,  to  go  with  ;  con,  repeated,  implies  a 
repetition  of  meaning,  as  going  and  coming  together, 
or  a  continued  union. 


163 

Disease.  From  dis  and  ease,  a  deprivation  of  ease. 

Dismal.  Malus,  evil,  dies,  day  ;  hence  dire,  horrid,  gloomy 

Despise.  Specio,  to  look,  de,  down,  as  with  contempt. 

Decapolis.  Deca,  ten,  polis,  a  city. 

Desultory,  Insult,  Exult,  Result.  De,  down  or  from,  in,  in 
or  on,  ex,  out,  re,  again  or  back,  and  salio,  to  leap. 
Then  d^esultory,  is  leaping  or  passing  abruptly  from 
one  subject  to  another,  /wsult,  leaping  on,  or  gross 
abuse.  Exxilt,  leaping  out,  or  excessive  joy ;  and 
result,  leaping  back,  or  a  consequence  following. 

Devious,  Previous,  Pervious.  De,  from,  via,  the  way; 
whence,  out  of  the  way,  wandering.  So  pre,  before, 
and  per,  by  or  through,  give  the  different  imports. 

Divide.  From  the  obsolete  word  viduo,  to  separate,  di,  apart. 
Then,  individual,  is  one  undivided  person  or  thing. 

Disaster.  Dis,  separation,  astron,  from  his  star.  The  an- 
cients supposed  the  star  under  which  a  person  was 
born  governed  his  destiny ;  hence,  disaster  comes  to 
mean  ill-luck,  misfortune. 

Democrat,  gr.  Demos,  the  people,  and  kratos,  power ; 
whence  a  popular  government. 

Discrepancy.    Crepo,   to  crackle  or  jingle,  dis,  asunder 
hence  the  import,  disagreement  of  parts,  like  jingling 
asunder. 

Expedite.  Ex,  and  pes,  pedis,  a  foot. 

Epilepsy,  gr.   Epi,  upon,  and  lambano,  to  leap,  as  a  fit. 

Equivocate.  Mquus,  alike  or  equal,  and  vocatus,  called; 
whence  the  meaning  becomes  doubtful,  uncertain. 

Evidence.   Video,  to  see  or  discover,  e,  out,  or  elucidate. 

Epidemic,  gr.  Epi,  upon,  demos,  the  people. 

Fluent,  Affluent,  Superfluous,  and  Influence,  are  all  from 
Jluo,  to  flow,  modified  by  their  prefixes. 

Geography,  gr.  Ge,  the  earth,  and  grapho,  to  write. 

Geometry,  gr.  Ge  and  metreo,  to  measure. 

Infant.  For,  to  speak,  makes/aw.v,  speaking ;  in  means  not, 
then  an  mfant,  is  one  not  able  to  speak  or  use  language. 

Metropolis,  gr.  Meter,  a  mother,  and  polis,  a  city. 

Monotony,  gr.  Motws,  one  or  alone,  and  tonos,  a  tone  or  sound. 

Manage.  Manus,  the  hand,  and  age,  from  ago,  to  do. 

Monopolize,  gr.  Motws,  alone,  and  poleo,  to  buy. 

Monarch,  gr.  Moms,  and  arches,  a  chief. 


163 

Mancipate,  to  enslave.  MarrdSy  the  hand,  and  cayio^  to  take. 
Orb,  from  orhisj  a  spherical  body  ;  orbit,  the  curve  line  in 

which  it  moves.     Then  exorbitant,  is  departing  from 

the  usual  track  or  coarse. 
Order,  from  ordo^  makes  ear^raordinary. 
Prophet,  gr.  Pro,  before,  and  phemi^  to  speak. 
Period,  gr.  Peri,  around,  and  odos,  a  way  or  road.     Then 

a  periodical,  is  what  goes  the  rounds  at  stated  times. 
Providence.  Pro  and  videiis,  seeing  before. 
Peregrinate.  Ager,  agri,  a  field,  and  hence  peregrinate,  to 

travel  through  the  country. 
Pennsylvania.  Penn,  the  name  of  the  founder,  and  syha, 

a  wood. 
Pedagogue,  gr.  Pais,  a  child,  and  agogos,  a  leader. 
Preposterous,  Posterus,  from  post,  after,  and  pre,  before ; 

hence,    it   means  putting  that  first  which  should  be 

last,  or  absurd. 
Repugnant.  Pugnans,  fighting,  re,  back ;  or  opposite,  con- 
trary-. 
Roborant,  strengthening,   from  rohur,  oak  of  the  hardest 

kind  ;  and  cor  for  con,  makes  coj-roborate,  to  confirm. 
Sympathy,  gr.  Syn  for  sun,  means  with,  and  pathos,  suffer- 
ing ;  then  it  means  suffering  with,  or  fellow  feeling. 

Apathy,   without   feeling.    Jw^ipathy,  opposition   of 

feelings. 
Synod,  gr.  Syn  for  sun,  and  ados,  a  way  or  road. 
Synopsis,  gr.  Syn  and  opsis,  the  sight ;  whence  one  view. 
Supercilious.  Super, a})ove,ciliu7n,th.e  eye-brow,  or  haughty. 
Sincere.  Sine,  without,  cera,  wax  ;  whence,  unmixed,  pure. 
Universe.   Versus,  a  turning,  unus,  into  one ;  a  collective 

whole. 
Vague.  Vagus,  wandering;  extra,  beyond,  making  extra' 

vagant. 


SECTION  XXVIII. 

Importance  of  knowing  Latin  words,  or  of  understand- 
ing that  language. 

From  the  vast  number  of  Latin  words  which  have  either 
in  whole  or  in  parts  become  incorporated  with  the  English 


164 

language,  much  benefit  is  derived  from  a  knowledge  of 
their  primitive  import.  In  most  cases  they  give  that  turn 
to  the  English  signification,  which  accords  with  their 
origmal  meaning.  Hence. the  primary  signification  of 
such  Latin  roots  as  are  extensively  involved  in  the  compo- 
sition of  our  language,  must  necessarily  furnish  an  impor- 
tant auxiliary''  in  determining  the  true  import  of  all  such 
English  words. 

For  instance,  the  verb  facio,  with  its  supine  factum^ 
whose  simple  primitive  meaning  is  to  do^  to  make^  or  to 
caust^  enters  in  some  form  into  the  composition  of  more 
than  500  of  our  English  words  ;  and  in  every  case  imparts 
m(Jre  or  less  of  its  original  signification.  A  knowledge, 
therefore,  of  the  meaning  of  that  verb  and  its  supine,  with 
the  ability  to  distinguish  its  combination  in  any  word,  must 
of  necessity  aid  the  scholar  in  a  more  perfect  comprehen- 
sion of  the  true  import  of  all  English  words,  of  which  this 
is  a  component  part. 

This  is  a  consideration  fully  equivalent  for  learning  the 
primitive  meaning  oi  f ado,  factum.  The  same  is  true  to  a 
very  great  extent  in  a  vast  multitude  of  Latin  primitives. 
Much  would  be  gained  by  committing  Latin  primitives  as 
they  occur. 

Words  of  Greek  origin,  while  they  furnish  a  fruitful 
source  of  derivation,  are  by  no  means  as  numerous  or  im- 
portant as  those  of  Latin. 

We  will  subjoin  a  few  of  the  most  prominent  words  in 
Greek  and  Latin,  with  something  near  the  number  of  their 
several  combinations  in  the  formation  of  English  words,  viz : 

Facio,  Factum,  500  ;  Pono,  Positum,  250  ;  Plico,  200  ; 
Fero,  Latum,  198;  Specio,  177;  Mitto,  Missum,  174; 
Teneo,  Tentum,  16S;  Capio,  Captum,  197;  Tendo,  Ten- 
sum,  Tentum,  162  ;  Duco,  Ductum,  156  ;  Logos,  gr.  156  ; 
Grapho,  gr.  152.  These  twelve  words  enter  in  some  shape 
into  the  composition  of  nearly  2500  English  words. 

From  154  Greek  and  Latin  primitives  which  have  been 
examined,  in  reference  to  this  point,  it  is  found  that  not  far 
from  13,000  English  words  receive  more  or  less  of  their 
component  parts,  characterizing  the  English  signification 
to  a  greater  or  less  extent. 


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